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Table 3 Baseline Characteristics in the DC and VC

From: The hemorrhagic transformation index score: a prediction tool in middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke

 

DC (n = 535)

VC (n = 248)

p-Value

Clinical data, median (IQR)

 Age (y)

71 (60–78)

69 (61–77)

0.924

 DBP (mm Hg)

90 (80–100)

100 (80–100)

0.025

 Height (m)

1.65 (1.6–1.72)

1.65 (1.58–1.71)

0.063

 Male sex, n (%)

289 (54)

125 (50.4)

0.346

 NIHSS

8 (4–16)

8 (4–16)

0.574

 Pulse rate (bpm)

78 (74–83)

78 (74–85)

0.155

 SBP (mm Hg)

160 (140–180)

160 (140–180)

0.19

 Time from onset (h)

5.5 (2–11)

6 (2.5–11)

0.265

 Temperature (°C)

36.6 (36.4–36.6)

36.6 (36.5–36.6)

0.194

 Weight (kg)

78 (68–88)

76.7 (68–85)

0.476

Stroke cause, n (%)

 Large-artery atherosclerosis

212 (39.6)

109 (44)

0.252

 Cardioembolism

225 (42.1)

101 (40.7)

0.725

 Small-vessel occlusion

79 (14.8)

33 (13.3)

0.587

 Other determined etiology

7 (1.3)

1 (0.4)

0.241

 Undetermined etiology

12 (2.2)

4 (1.6)

0.562

Risk factors, n (%)

 Acute myocardial infarction

25 (4.7)

8 (3.2)

0.348

 AF history

210 (39.3)

94 (37.9)

0.719

 Alcohol abuse

62 (11.6)

29 (11.7)

0.966

 Atherosclerosis

528 (98.7)

248 (100)

0.07

 Bleeding history

41 (7.7)

27 (10.9)

0.136

 Chronic heart failure

62 (11.6)

28 (11.3)

0.903

 Chronic liver failure

5 (0.9)

7 (2.8)

0.045

 Chronic renal failure

20 (3.7)

11 (4.4)

0.642

 Coronary artery disease

191 (35.7)

89 (35.9)

0.96

 Diabetes mellitus

142 (26.5)

69 (27.8)

0.707

 Dyslipidemia

216 (40.4)

103 (41.5)

0.759

 Hypertension

497 (92.9)

230 (92.7)

0.937

 Malignancy

10 (1.9)

4 (1.6)

0.801

 Seizures at onset

10 (1.9)

3 (1.2)

0.502

 Previous TIA/stroke

221 (41.3)

116 (46.8)

0.151

Brain CT, n (%)

 ASPECTS, median (IQR)

8 (6–9)

8 (6–9)

0.708

 HMCA sign

141 (26.4)

66 (26.6)

0.939

 Leukoaraiosis

347 (64.9)

168 (67.7)

0.429

 Left hemispheric stroke

286 (53.5)

122 (49.2)

0.266

 Right hemispheric stroke

234 (43.7)

122 (49.2)

0.154

 Bihemispheric stroke

15 (2.8)

4 (1.6)

0.314

Blood tests, median (IQR)

 Albumin (g/L), n = 513/233

41.1 (38.6–43.1)

40.7 (38.8–42.9)

0.612

 ALT (IU/L), n = 531/248

20 (14–28)

19 (13.2–29.8)

0.48

 AST (IU/L), n = 495/227

24 (19–31)

23 (19–32)

0.939

 APTT (s)

32 (28.8–35.3)

31.9 (28.7–34.5)

0.299

 Bilirubin, total (μmol/L), n = 497/231

11.5 (8.3–17)

11.5 (8–16.1)

0.699

 Cholesterol, total (mmol/L), n = 467/209

5.1 (4.3–5.9)

5.2 (4.3–6.1)

0.286

 Creatinine (μmol/L)

90.6 (79.3–106)

90 (77.4–108)

0.851

 Fibrinogen (g/L), n = 502/240

3.2 (2.6–4)

3.2 (2.6–4.2)

0.985

 Glucose (mmol/L)

6.8 (5.9–8.3)

6.8 (5.9–8.1)

0.998

 Hematocrit, n = 534/247

0.43 (0.38–0.46)

0.42 (0.37–0.45)

0.08

 Hemoglobin (g/L), n = 535/247

141 (128–153)

139 (124–150)

0.12

 INR

1.04 (0.96–1.15)

1.05 (0.98–1.15)

0.361

 Platelet count (×109 cells/L)

245 (199–306)

249.5 (201–301)

0.865

 Protein, total (g/L), n = 523/242

67.9 (64.4–71.7)

68.4 (64.7–72.7)

0.159

 Potassium (mmol/L), n = 530/243

4 (3.7–4.3)

4 (3.7–4.3)

0.223

 PT (s), n = 531/247

12 (10.9–14.8)

12 (11.2–15.3)

0.408

 RBC (×1012 cells/L)

4.63 (4.28–4.97)

4.55 (4.14–4.93)

0.032

 Sodium (mmol/L), n = 530/242

139.5 (138–141.3)

139.1 (137–141)

0.164

 Urea (mmol/L), n = 533/248

6 (4.7–7.7)

5.7 (4.6–7.6)

0.403

 WBC (×109 cells/L)

7.9 (6.5–9.7)

7.6 (6.3–9.5)

0.285

ECG, n (%)

 AF rhythm

164 (30.7)

77 (31)

0.911

 HR (bpm), median (IQR)

79 (67–91)

80 (68–96)

0.157

 Normal ECG

26 (4.9)

10 (4)

0.607

 Other ECG changes

259 (48.4)

121 (48.8)

0.921

LVEF (%), n = 486/217, median (IQR)

57 (50–60)

57 (50–61)

0.993

Chest X-ray, n (%)

 Aortic atherosclerosis

462 (86.4)

217 (87.5)

0.661

 Cardiomegaly

401 (75)

207 (83.5)

0.008

 Normal chest X-ray

28 (5.2)

13 (5.2)

0.996

 Pleural effusion

62 (11.6)

20 (8.1)

0.134

 Pneumonia

48 (9)

23 (9.3)

0.891

 Pulmonary congestion

215 (40.2)

109 (44)

0.32

Antithrombotic medication, n (%)

 Anticoagulant

28 (5.2)

14 (5.6)

0.812

 Antiplatelet

390 (73)

201 (81)

0.014

 Anticoagulant + antiplatelet

66 (12.3)

17 (6.9)

0.02

 IV rtPA

51 (9.5)

16 (6.5)

0.152

Outcome, n (%)

 Any HT

126 (23.6)

60 (24.2)

0.844

 SHT

69 (12.9)

29 (11.7)

0.636

 HI-1

22 (4.1)

4 (1.6)

0.069

 HI-2

82 (15.3)

38 (15.3)

0.999

 PH-1

9 (1.7)

4 (1.6)

0.944

 PH-2

13 (2.4)

14 (5.6)

0.022

 Death

34 (6.4)

19 (7.7)

0.499

 Malignant cerebral edema

32 (6)

14 (5.6)

0.852

 Dependency

325 (60.7)

147 (59.3)

0.695

  1. Note: APTT stands for Activated partial thromboplastin time, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, INR International normalized ratio, PT Prothrombin time, RBC Red blood cells, SBP Systolic blood pressure, and WBC White blood cells