Table 4 Univariate Analysis in the DC Using the MI Dataset
|  | Any HT (n = 126) | No HT (n = 409) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | FMI | RIV | RE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical data, median (IQR) | |||||||
 Age (y) | 74 (62–79) | 70 (60–77) | 1.016 (0.998–1.034) | 0.077 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 DBP (mm Hg) | 90 (80–100) | 90 (80–100) | 0.992 (0.979–1.005) | 0.217 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Height (m) | 1.65 (1.6–1.7) | 1.66 (1.6–1.73) | 0.983 (0.961–1.006) | 0.138 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Male sex, n (%) | 60 (47.6) | 229 (56) | 0.715 (0.479–1.066) | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 NIHSS | 20 (14–23) | 6 (3–10) | 1.253 (1.206–1.302) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Pulse rate (bpm) | 80 (74–88) | 78 (72–80) | 1.037 (1.021–1.053) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 SBP (mm Hg) | 155 (140–180) | 160 (140–179) | 0.999 (0.992–1.006) | 0.683 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Temperature (°C) | 36.6 (36.4–36.7) | 36.6 (36.4–36.6) | 1.658 (0.904–3.041) | 0.102 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Weight (kg) | 76 (65–90) | 79.5 (70–87) | 0.998 (0.986–1.01) | 0.759 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Risk factors, n (%) | |||||||
 Acute myocardial infarction | 16 (12.6) | 9 (2.2) | 6.39 (2.75–14.851) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 AF history | 81 (63.8) | 129 (31.6) | 3.808 (2.508–5.783) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Alcohol abuse | 11 (8.7) | 51 (12.5) | 0.664 (0.335–1.316) | 0.241 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Atherosclerosis | 124 (97.6) | 404 (99) | 0.409 (0.09–1.853) | 0.246 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Bleeding history | 9 (7.1) | 32 (7.8) | 1.116 (0.518–2.405) | 0.78 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Chronic heart failure | 24 (18.4) | 38 (9.3) | 0.441 (0.253–0.768) | 0.004 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Chronic liver failure | 1 (0.8) | 4 (1) | 0.802 (0.89–7.237) | 0.844 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Chronic renal failure | 7 (5.5) | 13 (3.2) | 1.772 (0.691–4.543) | 0.233 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Coronary artery disease | 56 (44.1) | 135 (33.1) | 1.595 (1.062–2.395) | 0.024 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 39 (30.7) | 103 (25.2) | 1.312 (0.847–2.034) | 0.224 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Dyslipidemia | 41 (32.3) | 175 (42.9) | 0.635 (0.417–0.967) | 0.034 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Hypertension | 118 (92.9) | 379 (92.9) | 0.997 (0.459–2.166) | 0.994 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Malignancy | 4 (3.1) | 6 (1.5) | 2.179 (0.605–7.846) | 0.233 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Previous TIA/stroke | 51 (40.2) | 170 (41.7) | 0.939 (0.626–1.41) | 0.763 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Seizures at onset | 0 (0) | 10 (2.5) | – | 0.075a | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Brain CT, n (%) | |||||||
 ASPECTS, median (IQR) | 4 (1–6) | 8 (7–9) | 0.499 (0.44–0.567) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 HMCA sign | 88 (69.3) | 54 (13.2) | 14.792 (9.213–23.749) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Leukoaraiosis | 87 (68.5) | 260 (63.7) | 1.238 (0.809–1.894) | 0.325 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Left hemispheric stroke | 73 (58) | 213 (52) | 1.291 (0.863–1.931) | 0.214 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Right hemispheric stroke | 53 (42) | 181 (44.3) | 0.898 (0.6–1.344) | 0.602 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Bihemispheric stroke | 0 (0) | 15 (3.7) | – | 0.028a | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Stroke cause, n (%) | |||||||
 Large-artery atherosclerosis | 41 (32.5) | 171 (41.8) | 0.671 (0.441–1.023) | 0.064 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Cardioembolism | 79 (62.7) | 146 (35.7) | 3.028 (2.002–4.58) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Small-vessel occlusion | 0 (0) | 79 (19.3) | – | <0.001a | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Other determined etiology | 1 (0.8) | 6 (1.5) | 0.537 (0.064–4.506) | 0.567 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Undetermined etiology | 5 (4) | 7 (1.7) | 2.373 (0.74–7.612) | 0.146 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
LVEF (%), n = 120/366, median (IQR) | 55 (46.25–59) | 58 (53–61.25) | 0.957 (0.938–0.975) | <0.001 | 0.026 | 0.027 | 0.998 |
Chest X-ray, n (%) | |||||||
 Aortic atherosclerosis | 114 (89.8) | 348 (85.3) | 1.512 (0.801–2.85) | 0.203 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Cardiomegaly | 109 (85.8) | 292 (71.6) | 2.406 (1.398–4.141) | 0.002 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Normal chest X-ray | 3 (2.4) | 25 (6.1) | 0.371 (0.11–1.249) | 0.109 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Pleural effusion | 25 (19.7) | 37 (9.1) | 2.458 (1.414–4.271) | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Pneumonia | 21 (16.5) | 27 (6.6) | 2.796 (1.52–5.143) | 0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Pulmonary congestion | 78 (61.4) | 137 (33.6) | 3.149 (2.085–4.755) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
ECG, n (%) | |||||||
 AF rhythm | 70 (55.1) | 94 (23) | 4.102 (2.699–6.236) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 90 (73–107) | 75 (65.25–88) | 1.034 (1.023–1.045) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Normal ECG | 3 (2.4) | 23 (5.6) | 0.405 (0.12–1.372) | 0.146 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Other changes | 68 (53.5) | 191 (46.8) | 1.309 (0.878–1.952) | 0.186 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Blood tests, median (IQR) | |||||||
 Albumin (g/L), n = 122/391 | 40.4 (38.4–42.8) | 41.2 (38.7–43.2) | 0.957 (0.905–1.012) | 0.124 | 0.026 | 0.026 | 0.998 |
 ALT (IU/L), n = 126/404 | 19 (15–29) | 20 (14–27.5) | 1.001 (0.992–1.01) | 0.849 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1 |
 APPT (s) | 31.7 (28.1–35.1) | 32.2 (29–35.4) | 0.993 (0.97–1.015) | 0.52 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 AST (IU/L), n = 120/375 | 27 (20.4–32) | 23 (18–30.3) | 1.001 (0.995–1.008) | 0.697 | 0.031 | 0.032 | 0.998 |
 Bilirubin, total (μmol/L), n = 117/380 | 14.04 (9.3–19.6) | 10.9 (8.1–15.4) | 1.043 (1.018–1.068) | 0.001 | 0.067 | 0.071 | 0.996 |
 Creatinine (μmol/L) | 89 (77.7–104.9) | 91 (79.9–106.7) | 0.998 (0.991–1.006) | 0.638 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Cholesterol, total (mmol/L), n = 113/354 | 4.8 (4–5.8) | 5.2 (4.4–5.9) | 0.805 (0.676–0.96) | 0.016 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.998 |
 Fibrinogen (g/L), n = 121/381 | 3.5 (2.7–4.4) | 3.11 (2.6–3.9) | 1.266 (1.087–1.475) | 0.002 | 0.04 | 0.041 | 0.997 |
 Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.5 (6.4–9.7) | 6.6 (5.8–7.9) | 1.061 (1.009–1.117) | 0.021 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Hematocrit, n = 126/407 | 0.43 (0.38–0.46) | 0.42 (0.38–0.46) | 0.993 (0.958–1.029) | 0.679 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Hemoglobin (g/L) | 141 (127–152) | 141 (128.625–153) | 0.997 (0.987–1.006) | 0.515 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 INR | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 1.04 (0.95–1.12) | 0.919 (0.467–1.808) | 0.808 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Platelet count (×109 cells/L) | 236 (186–286) | 248 (206–309) | 0.998 (0.995–1) | 0.048 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Potassium (mmol/L), n = 126/404 | 4 (3.7–4.3) | 4 (3.6–4.2) | 1.247 (0.862–1.802) | 0.241 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.999 |
 Protein, total (g/L), n = 126/397 | 67.6 (64–71.2) | 68 (64.8–71.7) | 0.987 (0.953–1.021) | 0.444 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 1 |
 PT (s), n = 126/405 | 12.2 (11.3–13.8) | 11.8 (10.8–16.1) | 0.976 (0.932–1.022) | 0.305 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 1 |
 RBC (×1012 cells/L) | 4.64 (4.23–5.01) | 4.63 (4.3–4.97) | 0.941 (0.664–1.332) | 0.73 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Sodium (mmol/L), n = 126/404 | 139.3 (138–141.9) | 139.5 (138–141.3) | 1.015 (0.957–1.077) | 0.624 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.999 |
 Urea (mmol/L), n = 126/406 | 6.36 (5.2–8.5) | 5.81 (4.5–7.3) | 1.089 (1.02–1.161) | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 WBC (×109 cells/L) | 8.8 (6.6–11.4) | 7.8 (6.5–9.3) | 1.145 (1.071–1.225) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Antithrombotic medication, n (%) | |||||||
 Anticoagulant | 5 (4) | 23 (5.6) | 0.693 (0.258–1.863) | 0.468 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Antiplatelet | 68 (54) | 322 (78.7) | 0.317 (0.208–0.483) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Anticoagulant + antiplatelet | 29 (23) | 37 (9.1) | 3.006 (1.76–5.132) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 IV rtPA | 24 (19) | 27 (6.6) | 3.329 (1.842–6.015) | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 1 |