Table 4 Comparison of baseline characteristics and outcome measures of the recent endovascular trials [27, 194, 286]

Region

Netherlands

United States, Canada, South Korea, Ireland, United Kingdom

Australia and New Zealand

United States and Europe

Spain

United States

France

Number of centres

16

22

10

39

4

4

26

Number of patients; n (CG/IA)

500 (267/233)

315 (150/165)

70 (35/35)

196 (98/98)

206 (103/103)

108 (54/54)

412 (208/204)

Age Range

≥ 18

≥ 18

≥ 18

18–80 years

18–80 years

18–85

18–80

NIHSS Range

≥ 2

> 5

N.R.

8–29

≥ 6

≥8

10–25

Control group

Standard medical therapy (+/− IV tPA)

Standard medical therapy (+/− IV tPA)

IV-tPA only

IV-tPA only

Standard medical therapy (+/− IV tPA)

IV-tPA only

IV-tPA only

Intervention group

IAT

IAT

ET with Solitaire FR stentriever

ET with Solitaire FR stentriever

ET with Solitaire FR stentriever

ET with Penumbra aspiration system

Endovascular MT

Intervention using Stent retriever in IA arm

81.5%

86.1%

100%

100%

100%

0%

N.R.

Time window

0–6 h

0–12 h

0–6 h

0–6 h

0–8 h

0–4.5 h

0–5 h

Neurologic inclusion criteria

N.A.

Barthel Index of ≥90

mRS scores of 0–2

mRS scores of 0–1

mRS scores of 0–1

Neuroimaging techniques

CT/CTA

CT/CTA/CTA Multiphase (for collaterals)

CT/CTA/CTP (for mismatch)

CT/CTA/MRA/MRP/CTP (for infarct core)

CT/CTA(MRA/DSA)

CT/CTA

CT/CTA

Large artery occlusion

CTA

CTA

CTA or MRA

CTA or MRA

CTA or MRA

CTA

CTA or MRA

Affected arteries

TICA, M1, M2, A1, A2

TICA, M1

TICA, M1, M2

TICA, M1, M2

TICA, M1

MCA

ICA, M1, TB, M2

Infarct core/perfusion

N.R.

NCCT, CBV or CBF ASPECTS ≥6

Core^Ψ < 70 ml (>1.2)^¥

CoreΦ< 50 ml (>1.8)^¥ NCCT ASPECTS ≥6

NCCT ASPECTS ≥7 DWI ASPECTS ≥6

Clot length ≥ 8 mm

N.R.

Collateral status

N.R.

Good/Moderate

N.R.

N.R.

N.R.

N.R.

N.R.

Median stroke onset to groin puncture

260 min

241 min

210 min

224 min

269 min

226 min

255 min

Baseline NIHSS [Median (IQR)]; CG vs IA

18 (14–22) vs17 (14–21)

17 (12–20) vs 16 (13–20)

13 (9–19) vs 17 (13–20)

17 (13–19) vs 17 (13–20)

17 (12–19) vs 17 (14–20)

N.R.

17 (13–20) vs 18 (15–21)

Median ASPECTS (%); CG/IA

9/9

9/9

NR/NR

9/9

8/7

N.R.

N.R.

Patients Receiving IV-rtPA (%); CG/IA

91/87

79/73

100/100

100/100

78/68

100/100

100/100

Primary Outcomes

Shift in mRS at 90 days

Shift in mRS at 90 days

Reduction in perfusion lesion volume; NIHSS reduction ≥8 pointsor mRS score of 0–1 at day 3

Distribution of mRS at 90 days; % mRS 0–2 at 90 days

Shift in mRS at 90 days

Shift in mRS at 90 days

Shift in mRS at 90 days

mRS (0–2) at 90 days %; CG vs IA

19.1 vs 32.6, P < 0.05

29.3 vs 53, P < 0.001

40 vs 70, P = 0.001

35.5 vs 60.2, P < 0.001

28.2 vs 43.7

30.4 vs 38

42.1 vs 54.2

Improvement in mRS 0–2 at 90 days

13.5%

23.7%

31.4%

24.7%

15.5%

7.6%

12.1%

sICH risk (%); CG vs IA, P

6.4 vs 7.7, P > 0.05

2.7 vs 3.6, P > 0.05

5.7 vs 0, P > 0.05

3.1 vs 0, P = 0.12

1.9 vs 1.9, P > 0.05

11.3 vs 10.9

2 vs 2, P = 0.71.

Parenchymal Hematoma Risk (%); CG/IA

6 vs 6

2.0 vs 4.8

8.6 vs 11.4

N.R. vs N.R.

5.8 vs 5.8

N.A.

9.45 vs 13.8, P = 0.53

Mortality (%); CG vs IA, P

22.1 vs 21, P > 0.05

19 vs10.4, P = 0.04

20 vs 8.6, P > 0.05

12.4 vs 9.2, P > 0.05

15.5 vs 18.4, P = 0.06

23.9 vs 12

13 vs 12; P = 0.70

Decrease in mortality at 90 days

1.1%

8.6%

11.4%

3.2%

−2.9%

11.9%

1%

mTICI Score 2b/3

58.7%

72.4%

86.2%

88.0%

65.7%

N.R.

N.R.

Complete recanalization based on neuroimaging 24–27 h later; CG vs IA

68/207 (33%)^a vs 141/187 (75%)^a

N.A. vs N.A.

15/35 (43%)^a vs 33/35 (94%)^a

21/52 (40%)^b vs 53/64 (83%)^b

N.A. vs N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

Brain infarction volume at 24 hc (mean, 95% CI); CG vs IA, P

79 mL (34–125) vs 49 mL (22–96), P < 0.01

N.A. vs N.A.

N.A. vs N.A.

35 mL (0–407) vs 32 mL (0–503), P = 0.09

39 mL (12–87) vs 16 mL (8–59), P = 0.02

N.A.

N.A.

NNT

7.1

4.2

3.2

4.0

6.3

13.2

8.3