Skip to main content

Table 2 Estimated adjusted incidence risk ratio (and 95% confidence interval) for the effect of burst suppression on various outcomes for which unbiased estimates could be made according to the conceptual causal diagram

From: Does burst-suppression achieve seizure control in refractory status epilepticus?

Outcome

Effect

Controlled variable

Burst suppression

Incidence risk ratioa (95% confidence interval)

P-value

Breakthrough seizure

Total = Direct

Etiology

Status epilepticus severity score

Dose of midazolam

Yes

0.30 (0.13–0.74)

0.009

Withdrawal seizure

Total

Etiology

Status epilepticus severity score

Dose of midazolam

Yes

2.04 (0.76–5.47)

0.157

Direct

Breakthrough seizure

Dose of midazolam

Yes

2.71 (0.89–8.25)

0.080

In-hospital mortality

Total

Etiology

Status epilepticus severity score

Dose of midazolam

Time to midazolam therapy

Yes

2.02 (0.74–5.54)

0.170

Direct

Breakthrough seizure

Cardiac complication

Dose of midazolam

Etiology

Pulmonary complication

Fever/infection

Status epilepticus severity score

Time to midazolam therapy

Yes

3.25 (0.70–15.02)

0.131

Poor functional outcome at 3 months

Total

Etiology

Dose of midazolam

Time to midazolam therapy

Status epilepticus severity score

Yes

0.75 (0.22–2.57)

0.646

Poor functional outcome at 3 months

Direct

Breakthrough seizure

Withdrawal seizure

Dose of midazolam

Etiology

Status epilepticus severity score

Cardiac complication

Pulmonary complication

Fever/infection

Time to midazolam therapy

Yes

0.13 (0.01–1.67)

0.116

Pulmonary complication

Total = Direct

Dose of midazolam

Status epilepticus severity score

Yes

1.13 (0.46–2.82)

0.785

Cardiac complication

Total = Direct

Dose of midazolam

Status epilepticus severity score

Yes

0.90 (0.25–3.27)

0.872

Fever/infection

Total = Direct

Status epilepticus severity score

Yes

1.38 (0.55–3.46)

0.498

  1. aAdjusted for confounding and/or intermediate as required by the DAG