Table 2 Comparison of brain morphology characteristics for PD patients and controls
From: Brain MRI morphometric analysis in Parkinson’s disease patients with sleep disturbances
Region | Parkinson’s disease | Controls | Univariatea | Adjustedb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Thickness | ||||
mm ± SD | mm ± SD | (df) = F, p | (df) = F, p | |
Left caudal middle frontal | 2.53 ± 0.19 | 2.61 ± 0.98 | (1,55) = 4.3, 0.04 | (1,55) = 0.7, 0.38 |
Left fusiform | 2.68 ± 0.14 | 2.77 ± 0.95 | (1,55) = 5.7, 0.02 | (1,55) = 4.5, 0.03 |
Left parahipocampal | 2.61 ± 0.37 | 3.00 ± 0.23 | (1,55) = 16.3, 0.001 | (1,55) = 14.4, 0.001 |
Left posterior cingulate | 2.37 ± 0.16 | 2.48 ± 0.17 | (1,55) = 5.0, 0.02 | (1,55) = 6.1, 0.01 |
Left precentral | 2.27 ± 0.19 | 2.41 ± 0.18 | (1,55) = 7.6, 0.008 | (1,55) = 4.9, 0.03 |
Right caudal anterior cingulate | 2.39 ± 0.30 | 2.56 ± 0.24 | (1,55) = 4.2, 0.04 | (1,55) = 4.0, 0.05 |
Right isthmus cingulate | 2.20 ± 0.16 | 2.30 ± 0.12 | (1,55) = 5.1, 0.01 | (1,55) = 2.6, 0.11 |
Right parahipocampal | 2.67 ± 0.29 | 2.91 ± 0.21 | (1,55) = 2.0, 0.001 | (1,55) = 8.3, 0.006 |
Right precentral | 2.28 ± 0.22 | 2.41 ± 0.10 | (1,55) = 5.5, 0.02 | (1,55) = 4.1, 0.05 |
Right superior temporal | 2.85 ± 0.13 | 2.92 ± 0.09 | (1,55) = 4.6, 0.02 | (1,55) = 3.01, 0.07 |
Right transverse temporal | 2.25 ± 0.25 | 2.39 ± 0.17 | (1,55) = 4.3, 0.04 | (1,55) = 3.1, 0.08 |
Subcortical structures | ||||
mm3 ± SD | mm3 ± SD | (df) = F, p | (df) = F, p | |
Left lateral ventricule | 75.47 ± 31.86 | 153.88 ± 145.9 | (1,55) = 5.0, 0.02 | (1,55) = 4.01, 0.05 |
Right lateral ventricule | 71.53 ± 27.21 | 132.92 ± 115.21 | (1,55) = 4.39 0.03 | (1,55) = 4.4, 0.04 |
Right hipocampus total | 42.63 ± 28.8 | 40.41 ± 49.18 | (1,55) = 5.9, 0.03 | (1,55) = 6.1, 0.01 |
Left hipocampus total | 41.54 ± 38.6 | 39.16 ± 44.0 | (1,55) = 3.8, 0.05 | (1,55) = 6.5, 0.01 |
Left amygdala | 15.89 ± 22.0 | 14.57 ± 20.03 | (1,55) = 4.9, 0.03 | (1,55) = 9.8, 0.003 |
Brainstem structures | ||||
mm3 ± SD | mm3 ± SD | (df) = F, p | (df) = F, p | |
Superior cereberal peduncle | 25.84 ± 4.66 | 32.08 ± 9.43 | (1,55) = 7.0, 0.01 | (1,55) = 5.4, 0.02 |
White matter volume | ||||
mm3 ± SD | mm3 ± SD | (df) = F, p | (df) = F, p | |
Left inferior parietal | 9.96 ± 0.13 | 10.03 ± 0.11 | (1,55) = 3.7, 0.05 | (1,55) = 3.1, 0.08 |
Left rostral middle frontal | 9.98 ± 0.07 | 10.04 ± 0.15 | (1,55) = 4.9, 0.03 | (1,55) = 4.0, 0.04 |
Left superior parietal | 10.05 ± 0.05 | 10.01 ± 0.17 | (1,55) = 1.93, 0.05 | (1,55) = 1.2, 0.2 |
Left frontal pole | 9.44 ± 0.25 | 9.64 ± 0.19 | (1,55) = 8.8, 0.004 | (1,55) = 5.9, 0.01 |
Left insula | 9.69 ± 0.07 | 9.70 ± 0.21 | (1,55) = 5.7, 0.02 | (1,55) = 3.3, 0.07 |
Right entorhinal | 8.67 ± 0.21 | 8.87 ± 0.18 | (1,55) = 11.5, 0.001 | (1,55) = 10.6, 0.002 |
Right transverse temporal | 9.73 ± 0.16 | 9.88 ± 0.19 | (1,55) = 8.4, 0.005 | (1,55) = 6.1, 0.01 |
Right insula | 9.42 ± 0.10 | 9.52 ± 0.21 | (1,55) = 3.7, 0.05 | (1,55) = 2.8, 0.09 |
Surface area | ||||
mm2 ± SD | mm2 ± SD | (df) = F, p | (df) = F, p | |
Left frontal pole | 23.20 ± 2.96 | 25.15 ± 3.51 | (1,55) = 4.69, 0.03 | (1,55) = 7.6, 0.008 |
Right frontal pole | 28.01 ± 3.43 | 30.05 ± 3.10 | (1.55) = 4.62, 0.03 | (1,55) = 3.47, 0.06 |