Wearables for gait and balance assessment in the neurological ward - study design and first results of a prospective cross-sectional feasibility study with 384 inpatients

Bernhard, Felix P.; Sartor, Jennifer; Bettecken, Kristina; Hobert, Markus A.; Arnold, Carina; Weber, Yvonne G.; Poli, Sven; Margraf, Nils G.; Schlenstedt, Christian; Hansen, Clint; Maetzler, Walter

doi:10.1186/s12883-018-1111-7

Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and semiquantitative/quantitative study outcomes of the whole cohort, as well as of the subcohorts with and without gait and balance deficits

From: Wearables for gait and balance assessment in the neurological ward - study design and first results of a prospective cross-sectional feasibility study with 384 inpatients

	Whole cohort (N = 384)		Controls (N = 151)		Gait deficits (N = 79)		Balance deficits (N = 44)		Gait and balance deficits (N = 110)		P-Value
	Median	Range	Median	Range	Median	Range	Median	Range	Median	Range	P-Value
Age [years]	64	40–90	57	40–86	60	40–89	70*^#	44–89	69.5*^#	41–90	< 0.0001
Gender [% female]	42.4		43.0		36.7		43.2		45.5		0.67
Height [m]	1.72	1.48–2.01	1.73	1.49–2.01	1.73	1.48–1.98	1.70	1.58–1.88	1.70	1.49–2.00	0.04
Weight [kg]	79	37–134	80	50–134	82	46–117	79	55–115	74	37–123	0.13
BMI [kg/m²]	26.2	14.9–43.0	26.3	19.4–41.8	26.4	17.3–41.6	26.8	19.4–38.4	25.9	14.9–43.0	0.77
Falls in the last 24 months [N]	0	0–100	0	0–50	0	0–50	1*	0–55	1*^#	0–100	< 0.0001
At least one fall in the last 24 months [%]	46		29		42		62*		65*^#		< 0.0001
LACHS (0–15)	3	0–10	2	0–8	3*	0–6	3*	1–9	4*^#	0–10	< 0.0001
MMSE (0–30)	28	13–30	29	24–30	28*	13–30	28*	13–30	27*	13–30	< 0.0001
TMT-A [s]	49	13–300	38	13–300	48*	23–300	55*	26–300	72*^#	17.7–300	< 0.0001
TMT-B [s]	149	34–300	101	34–300	129*	38–300	174*	60–300	300*^#	38.8–300	< 0.0001
∆TMT [s]	85	−30-280	60	−30-280	78*	0–253	98	0–257	149*	0–270	< 0.0001
Timed up and go convenient speed [s]	12	6–92	10	6–25	12*	8–28	11*	8–18	16*^#+	8–92	< 0.0001
Timed up and go fast speed [s]	9	5–47	7	5–15	10*	6–22	11*	6–15	14*^#+	7–47	< 0.0001
BDI II (0–63)	10	0–51	8	0–51	10	0–28	10	0–38	12*	0–51	0.0004
FES-I (0–64)	20	0–64	18	0–63	21*	0–44	20*	14–48	27*^#+	14–64	< 0.0001
EQ5D VAS (0–100)	60	1–100	70	20–100	55	10–95	50*	5–90	50*^#	1–95	< 0.0001
Functional Reach [cm]	23	3–82	27	8–45	23*	3–82	20*	5–35	18*^#	5–34	< 0.0001
Gait speed [m/s]	1.10	0.27–2.33	1.34	0.95–2.33	0.99*	0.56–1.67	1.15*^#	0.81–2.03	0.80*^#+	0.27–1.5	< 0.0001
Grip force [kg]	27	3–76	29	10–76	29	7–56	28	15–51	23*^#	3–51	< 0.0001

Data is presented with median and range. P-values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis-test, with post hoc Mann-Whitney-U-Test and Chi² test. For post hoc testing Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied. * p < 0.0083 for comparison with the control cohort group, ^#p < 0.0083 for comparison with the gait deficit cohort, ⁺p < 0.0083 for comparison with the balance deficit cohort. BDI II Beck’s depression inventory II, BMI Body mass index, EQ5D VAS Visual analog scale of the EuroQol-5 dimension questionnaire, FES-I Falls efficacy scale international, LACHS Geriatric screening according to Lachs et al., MMSE Mini-mental state examination, TMT Trail making test (part A, B, and B-A = ∆TMT)

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2377

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

BMC Neurology

Contact us