Table 3 Trials on multimodal secondary prevention strategies in ischaemic stroke or TIA-patients
Study, Country | Y | Inclusion criteria | n | Age | M (%) | Intervention type/model | FU (Mo) | Outcome measures | Significant results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRAISE, USA [42] | 2014 | Ischaemic stroke, TIA < 5 years, age > 40 y | 600 | 63 ± 11 | 40 | Education & self-management (peer-led), 6 weekly workshops | 6 | Cholesterol, BP, antithrombotics use | BP-lowering |
ICARUSS, Australia [43] | 2009 | Ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, TIA, age > 20 y | 233 | 66 ± 13 | 54 | Education & pre-arranged visits at the GP’s at 2 weeks, 3, 6, 9, 12 Mo. Telephone assessment prior to each visit | 12 | RF-modification, disability, QoL, cognitive function, ADLs | Cholesterol-, BP-lowering, exercise, disability, QoL |
Hornnes et al., Denmark [44] | 2011 | Ischaemic stroke or TIA, all age-groups | 349 | 69 ± 12 | 45 | Pre-discharge or outpatient appointment, nurse-led home visits at 1, 4, 7, 10 Mo | 12 | BP after one year | BP-lowering |
INSPiRE-TMS, Germany [51] | 2013 | TIA, minor stroke, age > 18 y | Target = 2082 | N/A | N/A | RF-management & support program, up to 8 assessments | 24 | Stroke, ACS, cardiovascular death, RF-control, mortality, hospital admissions | ongoing |
SMART study, China [45] | 2014 | Ischaemic stroke, TIA related to atherosclerosis | 3821 | 61 ± 12 | 68 | Medication & lifestyle advice, education (computer software) | 12 | Adherence to drugs, stroke, ACS, all-cause death | better adherence to statins |
STANDFIRM, Australia [46] | 2017 | Ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, TIA, age > 18 y | 563 | 70 | N/A | Community-based intervention, evidence-based care plan, 3 education sessions, 2 telephone assessments | 24 | Targets for cardiometabolic factors | cholesterol levels |
COMPASS, USA [52] | 2017 | Ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, TIA, age > 18 y | Target = 6000 | N/A | N/A | holistic approach integrating medical & community resources, clinical visit after 14 days, 4 telephone assessments | 3 | Functional status, Qol, cognitive function, hospitalisations, caregiver measures | ongoing |
SUCCEED, USA [53] | 2017 | Ischaemic stroke, TIA, haemorrhagic stroke, hypertension, age > 40 y | Target = 516 | N/A | N/A | 3 clinic visits, 3 home visits, & telephone coordination by community health worker, self-coordination program | 36 | BP, RF-control, medication adherence, cost-effectivness | ongoing |
NAILED, Sweden [47] | 2015 | Ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, TIA, all age-groups | 537 | 71 ± 11 | 57 | Nurse-led, telephone-based follow-up, medication adjustment | 12 | BP, LDL-C, RF-control | cholesterol-, BP-lowering |
Kono et al., Japan [48] | 2013 | Ischaemic stroke (mRS 0–1), non-cardio-embolic origin | 70 | 64 | 68 | Lifestyle intervention program with counselling at BL, 3, 6 Mo, exercise training (2x/week) for 24 weeks | 36 | Stroke or cardiac death, hospitalisation due to stroke recurrence, MI, AP or pAD, RF-control | vascular events, physical activity BP-lowering, salt intake. |
McAlister et al., Canada [49] | 2014 | Ischemic stroke, TIA, slight or no disability | 275 | 68 | 63 | Pharmacist-led or a nurse-led case manager intervention with 6 monthly visits | 12 | BP and lipid control, FRS and CDLEM | cholesterol-, BP-lowering, global vascular risk |
STROKE-CARD, Austria | 2017 | Ischaemic stroke (mRS 0–4), TIA (ABCD2-Score ≥ 3); age > 18 y | Target = 2170 | N/A | N/A | 3 Mo clinical visit with RF-assessment, online RF-monitoring | 12 | Major cardiovascular event, vascular death, QoL | ongoing |