Patient characteristics | II-1 | II-3 | II-4 |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | Female | Female |
Age at onset (years) | 45 | 39 | 34 |
Age at examination (years) | 55 | 49 | 45 |
Past history | Hyperlipidemia | Hypertension Lumbar disc herniation | Hypertension Brain stem infarction |
Motor disability | Unable to walk without aids | Able to walk with aids | Wheelchair-bound |
Gait | Ataxia | Ataxia | Spastic-ataxia |
Upper limb | |||
Spasticity | – | – | +(Left) |
Weakness | – | – | +(Left) |
Ataxia | – | – | – |
Hyperreflexia | – | – | +(Left) |
Sensory impairment | – | – | – |
Lower limb | |||
Spasticity | – | – | +(Left) |
Weakness | – | – | +(Left) |
Ataxia | ++ | + | + |
Hyperreflexia | ++(Bilateral) | +(Bilateral) | ++(Left) |
Sensory impairment | – | – | – |
Plantar reflexes | ++(Bilateral) | +(Bilateral) | ++(Left) |
Dysarthria | – | + | + |
Nystagmus | – | – | – |
Bladder dysfunction | – | – | – |
Cognitive function | – | – | – |
Auxiliary examination | |||
Brain MRI | Cerebellar atrophy Scattered ischemic foci in left temporal lobe | Cerebellar atrophy Scattered lacunar infarcts in the right basal ganglia | Cerebellar atrophy Brainstem old cerebral infarction |
EMG/NCS | Normal | Note done | Note done |
EEG | Note done | Note done | Note done |