Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive adults with new-onset seizure (n = 95)

 Gender, female n (%)

 Age, mean (SD)

 Family history of epilepsy n (%)

 History of head injury n (%)

 History of severe malaria n (%)

 History of meningitis/encephalitis n (%)

 History of coma n (%)

 History of opportunistic infection (n = 94)^a n (%)

 History of stroke (n = 94) ^a n (%)

 Focal clonic

 Focal onset to bilateral tonic-clonic

 Tonic clonic

 Unknown onset bilateral tonic-clonic

 Unclassified

 Status epilepticus

Glasgow Coma Score, mean (SD)

Karnofsky score < 50 at enrollment n (%)

 I or II

 III or IV

 Yes, less than a year

 Yes, more than a year

 No, defaulted

 No, never

CD4⁺ T-cell count at enrolment, mean cells/mm³(n = 89) ^a (SD)

CNS opportunistic infection n (%)

Other infection n (%)

Structural lesion n (%)

Hyponatremia (n = 91) n (%)

Likely secondary to another etiology

Unknown, n (%)