The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios are independently associated with neurological disability and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Table 4 Natural log-transformed neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of objective MS disease outcomes

Outcome	Univariable			Multivariable Model 1			Multivariable Model 2
Outcome	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
EDSS	0.208	0.078, 0.338	0.002	0.238	0.106, 0.369	< 0.001	0.217	0.082, 0.351	0.002
RRMS v PMS	0.219	0.093, 0.344	0.001	0.599	0.350, 0.849	< 0.001	0.452	0.157, 0.747	0.003
BPF	−0.001	−0.004, 0.002	0.610	−0.001	− 0.004, 0.001	0.243	− 0.002	−0.004, 0.001	0.156
T2LV	−0.001	−0.032, 0.031	0.970	0.002	−0.031, 0.035	0.912	0.006	−0.029, 0.041	0.753

Legend: EDSS Expanded disability status scale, RRMS Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, PMS Progressive multiple sclerosis, BPF Brain parenchymal fraction, T2LV Cerebral T2-hyperintense lesion volume. All statistical models are linear mixed effects regressions. Multivariable model #1 includes the following covariates: age, disease duration, gender, and specific DMT use. Model #2 includes the covariates: age, disease duration, gender, smoking history, specific DMT use, CES-D score, MSSS score, SF-36 physical and mental composite scores

ISSN: 1471-2377