The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios are independently associated with neurological disability and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Table 5 Natural log-transformed monocyte-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of objective MS disease outcomes

Outcome	Univariable			Multivariable Model 1			Multivariable Model 2
Outcome	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
EDSS	0.269	0.125, 0.413	< 0.001	0.256	0.108, 0.404	0.001	0.249	0.096, 0.401	0.001
RRMS v PMS	0.198	0.048, 0.347	0.010	0.407	0.158, 0.655	0.001	0.292	−0.062, 0.647	0.106
BPF	−0.006	−0.010, − 0.003	< 0.001	−0.003	− 0.006, 0.000	0.043	− 0.003	−0.006, 0.000	0.040
T2LV	0.035	−0.001, 0.071	0.055	0.019	−0.019, 0.057	0.329	0.031	−0.009, 0.071	0.124

Legend: EDSS Expanded disability status scale, RRMS Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, PMS Progressive multiple sclerosis, BPF Brain parenchymal fraction, T2LV Cerebral T2-hyperintense lesion volume. All statistical models are linear mixed effects regressions. Multivariable model #1 includes the following covariates: age, disease duration, gender, and specific DMT use. Model #2 includes the covariates: age, disease duration, gender, smoking history, specific DMT use, CES-D score, MSSS score, SF-36 physical and mental composite scores

ISSN: 1471-2377