Table 1 Characteristics of the 25 included studies (unc = unclear; RCT = randomized controlled trial)
From: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to increase stroke thrombolysis
Study Location | Design | Controls | Primary Intervention | # in control / # in intervention | IV tPA rate in intervention (%) | IV tPA rate in control (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morgenstern et al 2002 | rural | quasi-experimental | concurrent | multilevel stroke education | 233/266 | 8.65 | 0.9 |
Morgenstern et al 2003 | rural | quasi-experimental | concurrent | multilevel stroke education | 70/80 | 11.2 | 1.4 |
Wojner-Alexandrov et al 2005 | urban | pre-post | historical | multilevel stroke education | 198/533 | 12 | 10.6 |
Nam et al 2007 | unc | pre-post | historical | computerized physician order entry | 529/213 | 11.7 | 2.6 |
Meyer et al 2008 | Rural and urban | RCT | concurrent | video consultation | 103/102 | 24 | 30 |
Quain et al 2008 | urban | pre-post | historical | pre-hospital acute stroke triage protocol | 107/140 | 21.4 | 4.7 |
De Luca et al 2009 | urban | cluster-RCT | concurrent | pre-hospital acute stroke triage protocol | 115/175 | 8.6 | 1.7 |
Müller-Nordhorn et al 2009 | urban | cluster-RCT | concurrent | direct-to-community member educational material about stroke symptoms and calling EMS | 741/647 | 2.9 | 2.3 |
Demaerschalk et al 2010 | rural | RCT | concurrent | telestroke | 27/26 | 31 | 30 |
Heo et al 2010 | urban | pre-post | historical | computerized physician order entry | 5798/5405 | 5.8 | 3.4 |
Moynihan et al 2010 | urban | pre-post | historical | Introduction of a hub and spoke model | unc/unc | 6 | 1.2 |
Dirks et al 2011 | rural and urban | cluster-RCT | concurrent | meetings at trial hospitals based on the Breakthrough Series model | 2140/2483 | 16 | 14 |
Huang et al 2011 | urban | pre-post | historical | less restrictive exclusion tPA treatment criteria | 333/128 | 6.25 | 5.1 |
Berglund et al 2012 | urban | RCT | concurrent | increased pre-hospital priority level for patients with stroke | 454/488 | 12.3 | 5.3 |
O’Brien et al 2012 | urban | pre-post | historical | pre-hospital acute stroke triage protocol | 67/115 | 19.1 | 7.5 |
Walter et al 2012 | rural and urban | RCT (randomized week) | concurrent | mobile stroke unit | 40/49 | 25 | 20 |
Scott et al 2013 | rural and urban | cluster-RCT | concurrent | hospital-based stroke education | 9222/8419 | 2.8 | 2.1 |
Ebinger 2014 | urban | RCT (randomized week) | concurrent | mobile stroke unit | 1041/1070 | 29 | 21.1 |
Flynn et al 2014 | unc | pre-post | historical | mass media stroke awareness campaign | Unc/unc | unc | unc |
Fonarow et al 2014 | rural and urban | pre-post | historical | Target:Stroke initiative | 541,358/479,281 | 8.1 | 5.7 |
Martinez-Sanchez et al 2014 | urban | pre-post | historical | telestroke | 259/225 | 8 | 4.7 |
Müller-Barna et al 2014 | rural | pre-post | historical | telestroke | 2466/4409 | 15.5 | 2.6 |
Ruff et al 2014 | urban | pre-post | historical | implementation of 10 best practices in single center | 1413/925 | 15.4 | 8.2 |
Soulleihet et al 2014 | urban | time series analysis | none | public awareness campaigns | unc/unc | unc | unc |
Van Schaik et al 2014 | urban | pre-post | historical | pre- and intra-hospital acute stroke triage protocol | 828/917 | 9.8 | 4.95 |