Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the multiple sclerosis patients, according to their fulfillment of CCSVI criteria at baseline
CCSVI ISNVD criteria fulfilled [22] (n = 52) | CCSVI ISNVD criteria not-fulfilled [22] (n = 38) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%) | 37 (71) | 29 (76) | 0.584 |
Baseline age (yrs); mean (SD) | 47.6 (10.7) | 47 (10.0) | 0.815 |
Time to F/up (yrs); mean (SD) | 5.5 (0.5) | 5.5 (0.4) | 0.810 |
Baseline BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD) | 27.3 (5.4) | 28.7 (6.5) | 0.996 |
Follow-up BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD) | 29.1 (4.9) | 27.2 (6.5) | 0.212 |
Baseline comorbidities, n (%) | |||
Hypertension | 4 (8) | 7 (18) | 0.125 |
Hyperlipidemia | 6 (12) | 5 (13) | 0.817 |
Diabetes | 1 (2) | 1 (3) | 0.822 |
Follow-up comorbidities, n (%) | |||
Hypertension | 7 (13) | 8 (22) | 0.075 |
Hyperlipidemia | 13 (24) | 8 (22) | 0.644 |
Diabetes | 2 (4) | 2 (6) | 0.652 |
Baseline disease duration (yr), mean (SD) | 15.0 (10.2) | 14.4 (9.5) | 0.747 |
Disease progression, n (%) | |||
CIS → RR | 3 (6) | 4 (11) | N/A |
RR → SP | 7 (14) | 4 (11) | |
Remained RR | 25 (48) | 21 (55) | |
SP since baseline | 17 (33) | 9 (24) | |
Baseline DMT status, n (%) | |||
Interferon-beta 1a | 17 (33) | 17 (48) | N/A |
Glatiramer acetate | 13 (25) | 7 (18) | |
Natalizumab | 13 (25) | 5 (13) | |
Other DMT* | 1 (2) | 2 (5) | |
No DMT | 8 (15) | 6 (16) | |
Follow-up DMT status, n (%) | |||
Remained on same DMT | 27 (52) | 22 (58) | N/A |
Switched to another DMT | 17 (33) | 13 (34) | |
No DMT | 8 (15) | 3 (8) | |