Table 3 Comparison of venous hemodynamic Doppler sonography criteria at baseline and at follow-up study visit in healthy individuals and multiple sclerosis patients
VH Criteria at Baseline | HI (n=38) | MS (n = 90) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Criterion 1 positivity, n (%) - IJV and/or VV reflux | 8 (21) | 32 (36) | 0.09 |
Criterion 2 positivity, n (%) - Bidirectional IC venous outflow | 10 (26) | 29 (32) | 0.459 |
Criterion 3 positivity, n (%) - B- mode IJV stenosis | 14 (37) | 54 (60) | 0.011 |
Criterion 4 positivity, n (%) - No flow in IJV and/or VV | 3 (8) | 10 (11) | 0.557 |
Criterion 5 positivity, n (%) - IJV CSA90° > IJV CSA0° | 1 (3) | 6 (7) | 0.346 |
CCSVI criteria fulfilled according to the ISNVD consensus [22], n (%) | 14 (37) | 52 (58) | 0.03 |
VH Criteria at the follow-up | HI (n=38) | MS (n = 90) | p -value |
Criterion 1 positivity, n (%) - IJV and/or VV reflux | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 0.255 |
Criterion 2 positivity, n (%) - Bidirectional IC venous outflow | 29 (32) | 77 (86) | 0.206 |
Criterion 3 positivity, n (%) - B- mode IJV stenosis | 26 (68) | 55 (61) | 0.433 |
Criterion 4 positivity, n (%) - No flow in IJV and/or VV | 7 (18) | 17 (19) | 0.951 |
Criterion 5 positivity, n (%) - IJV CSA90° > IJV CSA0° | 0 (0) | 12 (13) | 0.018 |
CCSVI criteria fulfilled according to the ISNVD consensus [22], n (%) | 21 (56) | 55 (61) | 0.486 |