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Table 1 Patient demographics and baseline characteristics by diagnosis

From: Risk assessment and prediction of TD incidence in psychiatric patients taking concomitant antipsychotics: a retrospective data analysis

Patient characteristics

Total

N = 189,415

Bipolar disorder

N = 66,723

Depressive disorder

N = 68,573

Schizophrenia

N = 54,119

Demographics

 Age (years)

42.8 + 13.8

39.6 + 13.0

43.9 + 13.8

45.4 ± 13.9

 Male, % (n)

38.1% (72,187)

32.6% (21,749)

28.7% (19,662)

56.9% (30,776)

 HMO Plan, % (n)

20.3% (38,494)

21.2% (14,133)

20.8% (14,227)

18.7% (10,134)

 State

  Iowa

8.1% (15,390)

10.8% (7,226)

7.8% (5,366)

5.2% (2,798)

  Kansas

8.3% (15,698)

8.8% (5,851)

8.0% (5,469)

8.1% (4,378)

  Mississippi

8.9% (16,756)

7.1% (4,741)

9.5% (6,539)

10.1% (5,476)

  Missouri

38.7% (73,293)

38.9% (25,924)

43.3% (29,694)

32.7% (17,675)

  New Jersey

21.5% (40,667)

19.1% (12,737)

18.5% (12,659)

28.2% (15,271)

  Wisconsin

14.6% (27,611)

15.4% (10,244)

12.9% (8,846)

15.7% (8,521)

Observed disease duration (months)

7.8 ± 13.0

7.6 ± 12.8

9.2 ± 13.6

6.2 ± 12.2

Duration of follow-up (months)

38.6 ± 24.6

37.4 ± 23.8

32.6 ± 23.5

47.8 ± 24.2

Index AP use

 First generation

10.4% (19,673)

7.4% (4,958)

10.6% (7,239)

13.8% (7,476)

 Multiple

2.0% (3,849)

1.2% (818)

0.7% (448)

4.8% (2,583)

 Second generation

87.6% (165,893)

91.3% (60,947)

88.8% (60,886)

81.4% (44,060)

 Chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose (100 mg/day)

2.2 ± 2.1

2.1 ± 1.9

1.6 ± 1.6

3.1 ± 2.4

Psychiatric comorbidities

 Substance-related and addictive disorders

23.8% (45,014)

27.1% (18,090)

26.2% (17,944)

16.6% (8,980)

 Anxiety disorders

21.9% (41,438)

23.0% (15,322)

31.5% (21,603)

8.3% (4,513)

 Autism

0.6% (1,149)

0.9% (614)

0.4% (258)

0.5% (277)

 Bipolar and related disorders

32.6% (61,715)

77.9% (51,959)

9.8% (6,743)

5.6% (3,013)

 Depressive disorders

45.2% (85,537)

24.3% (16,195)

90.2% (61,862)

13.8% (7,480)

 Personality disorders

4.0% (7,526)

4.6% (3,045)

4.6% (3,168)

2.4% (1,313)

 Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (excluding schizophrenia

8.2% (15,550)

6.1% (4,094)

6.6% (4,511)

12.8% (6,945)

 Sleep-wake disorders

8.5% (16,024)

8.8% (5,838)

11.4% (7,845)

4.3% (2,341)

 Trauma- and stress- or related disorders

10.0% (19,004)

10.8% (7,178)

14.4% (9,883)

3.6% (1,943)

Other comorbidities

 CCI

0.6 ± 1.2

0.5 ± 1.1

0.7 ± 1.4

0.4 ± 1.0

 Alcohol history

7.7% (14,592)

8.2% (5,461)

8.7% (5,958)

5.9% (3,173)

 Brain damage

1.0% (1,790)

0.8% (563)

1.3% (885)

0.6% (342)

 Dementia

1.6% (3,080)

0.9% (624)

2.0% (1,392)

2.0% (1,064)

 Diabetes

14.0% (26,600)

11.6% (7,767)

16.4% (11,215)

14.1% (7,618)

 Down’s Syndrome

0.1% (200)

0.1% (67)

0.1% (84)

0.1% (49)

 Dyslexia and other scholastic disorders

0.1% (254)

0.1% (68)

0.2% (123)

0.1% (63)

 Smoking history

13.7% (25,927)

16.2% (10,793)

15.1% (10,337)

8.9% (4,797)

 Traumatic brain injury

0.4% (673)

0.3% (207)

0.5% (317)

0.3% (149)

Extrapyramidal symptoms

 Akathisia

0.1% (248)

0.1% (94)

0.1% (90)

0.1% (64)

 Bradykinesia

3.3% (6,251)

3.0% (1,973)

4.2% (2,908)

2.5% (1,370)

 Dystonia

0.1% (167)

0.1% (60)

0.1% (34)

0.1% (73)

 EPS (unspecified)

0.8% (1,430)

0.8% (559)

0.9% (636)

0.4% (235)

 Myoclonus

0.1% (120)

0.1% (37)

0.1% (64)

0.04% (19)

 Malignant neuroleptic syndrome

0.02% (46)

0.02% (13)

0.01% (4)

0.1% (29)

 Parkinsonism

0.1% (141)

0.1% (34)

0.1% (31)

0.1% (76)

 Drug-induced tics

0.0% (7)

0.0% (3)

0.01% (4)

0.0% (0)

 Tremors

0.3% (490)

0.3% (183)

0.3% (222)

0.2% (85)

 History of EPS

4.3% (8,063)

4.0% (2,663)

5.4% (3,668)

3.2% (1,732)

 Number of EPS

0.1 ± 0.2

0.04 ± 0.23

0.1 ± 0.3

0.04 ± 0.21

  1. AP antipsychotic, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, EPS extrapyramidal symptoms, HMO health maintenance organization, TD tardive dyskinesia