Remote ischemic conditioning improves cognition in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia

BMC Neurology

Table 2 Efficacy Measures at 6 months

Efficacy Measure	RIC Group (n = 18)		p	Control Group (n = 19)		p
Efficacy Measure	Before	After	p	Before	After	p
HVLT-R
HVLT1	12.56 ± 4.15	16.89 ± 4.23	0.002	13.05 ± 5.33	16.05 ± 5.65	0.017
HVLT2	2.72 ± 2.61	4.72 ± 3.12	0.036	2.53 ± 2.80	4.53 ± 3.32	0.013
HVLT3	6.22 ± 2.21	8.83 ± 1.89	0.000	6.05 ± 2.44	7.42 ± 3.04	0.023
COWAT	5.11 ± 3.34	6.39 ± 3.33	0.030	5.00 ± 3.32	5.53 ± 3.89	0.455
TMT-A	125.83 ± 69.54	102.50 ± 57.33	0.007	131.88 ± 86.06	128.47 ± 112.45	0.848
TMT-B	262.83 ± 122.24	209.17 ± 108.98	0.015	244.61 ± 116.05	197.28 ± 133.79	0.007
SDMT	19.67 ± 9.32	21.17 ± 9.93	0.426	23.61 ± 15.34	21.72 ± 14.99	0.249
JLO	17.94 ± 7.60	23.22 ± 4.66	0.006	17.50 ± 5.76	18.44 ± 7.53	0.398
ADL	25.33 ± 2.61	24.72 ± 1.60	0.102	25.11 ± 2.18	24.84 ± 1.43	0.426
NPI	2.06 ± 1.11	1.72 ± 0.83	0.083	1.74 ± 1.05	1.53 ± 0.77	0.215
hs-CRP	2.38 ± 2.87	1.30 ± 1.35	0.221	1.63 ± 1.71	1.67 ± 1.80	0.951
IL-6	16.26 ± 7.05	15.85 ± 6.70	0.072	16.25 ± 4.99	15.81 ± 4.27	0.125
TNF-α	5.64 ± 1.12	5.57 ± 1.02	0.167	5.54 ± 0.83	5.46 ± 0.72	0.155
WMLV (cm³)	84.00 ± 53.82	69.87 ± 45.76	0.060	71.26 ± 28.03	68.35 ± 23.20	0.569
WBWM
FA	0.30 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.02	0.348	0.31 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.04	0.446
MD(×10⁻⁴)	9.5 ± 0.79	9.6 ± 0.84	0.128	8.9 ± 0.33	9.1 ± 0.62	0.288
NAWM
FA	0.30 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.02	0.293	0.31 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.04	0.427
MD(×10⁻⁴)	9.0 ± 0.73	9.4 ± 0.60	0.136	8.6 ± 0.37	8.9 ± 0.60	0.097

Abbreviations: ADL Activities of daily living, COWAT Controlled Oral Word Association Test, the outcome was the sum of correct words in the both parts, FA fractional anisotropy, hs-CRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein, HVLT1 immediate memory of Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), HVLT2 delayed memory of HVLT-R, HVLT3 recognition test of HVLT-R, IL-6 interleukin 6, JLO Judgment of Line Orientation, MD mean diffusivity, NAWM normal-appearing white matter, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test, TMT-A Trail Making Test A, TMT-B Trail Making Test B, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, WBWM whole-brain white matter, WMLV white matter lesion volume
Notes: Paired t-test was used to evaluate the effect of the treatments in the group

ISSN: 1471-2377