| MOH patients (n = 69) | Controls (n = 42) |
---|
Age, years | 50.2 ± 9.2 | 47.0 ± 13.8 |
Sex, female | 90% | 88% |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.7 ± 4.5 | 23.7 ± 3.8 |
Coffee | 84% | 88% |
Alcohol | 22%* | 76% |
Cigarettes | 9% | 12% |
SBP, mmHg | 125.9 ± 12.4 | 122.1 ± 13.0 |
DBP, mmHg | 79.3 ± 8.2 | 76.8 ± 8.5 |
DDI | 1.8 ± 2.1 | – |
CHR | 12.1 ± 10.3 | – |
ZUNG-D | 44.3 ± 9.5** | 32.3 ± 7.7 |
LDQ | 12.1 ± 7.4 | – |
Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.76 ± 0.12 | 0.79 ± 0.12 |
eGFR | > 60 ml/min | > 60 ml/min |
Urea nitrogen, mg/dl | 29.4 ± 7.4 | 29.6 ± 8.5 |
- Data are expressed as mean ± SD, or in percentage
- BMI Body Mass Index; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; DDI daily drug doses; CHR years of chronification; ZUNG-D Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; LDQ Leeds Dependence Questionnaire; eGFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (CKD-EPI Formula)
- Statistical significance was evaluated using χ2 test (*p < 0.01) or independent t test (**p < 0.01). Coffee, alcohol and cigarettes users are expressed as a percentage of occasional and daily users