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Table 1 Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of MOH patients and healthy individuals

From: Exploration of candidate serum biomarkers potentially related to the chronic pain condition in Medication–overuse headache

 

MOH patients (n = 69)

Controls

(n = 42)

Age, years

50.2 ± 9.2

47.0 ± 13.8

Sex, female

90%

88%

BMI, kg/m2

23.7 ± 4.5

23.7 ± 3.8

Coffee

84%

88%

Alcohol

22%*

76%

Cigarettes

9%

12%

SBP, mmHg

125.9 ± 12.4

122.1 ± 13.0

DBP, mmHg

79.3 ± 8.2

76.8 ± 8.5

DDI

1.8 ± 2.1

CHR

12.1 ± 10.3

ZUNG-D

44.3 ± 9.5**

32.3 ± 7.7

LDQ

12.1 ± 7.4

Creatinine, mg/dl

0.76 ± 0.12

0.79 ± 0.12

eGFR

>  60 ml/min

>  60 ml/min

Urea nitrogen, mg/dl

29.4 ± 7.4

29.6 ± 8.5

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, or in percentage
  2. BMI Body Mass Index; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; DDI daily drug doses; CHR years of chronification; ZUNG-D Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; LDQ Leeds Dependence Questionnaire; eGFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (CKD-EPI Formula)
  3. Statistical significance was evaluated using χ2 test (*p < 0.01) or independent t test (**p < 0.01). Coffee, alcohol and cigarettes users are expressed as a percentage of occasional and daily users