Table 1 Summary description of PTA related stroke episodes found upon literature review, cases are ordered according to patient’s age at symptom onset
Identification | Symptoms | Territory Confirmed by neuroimaging | Arteries involved and saltzman classification of PTA | Treatment | Patient outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
42yo F (2010) [18] | Headaches, visual disturbances, right-sided numbness progressing to dysarthria and right-sided motor deficit with central facial palsy | Left anterolateral pontine infarction | Internal carotid artery (ICA) and PTA occlusion Saltzman type 1 | Heparine | Residual right motor deficit |
47yo M (1992) [19] | Right hemiparesis and numbness of the left face | Ventral pontine lacunar infarct | Hypoplasia of the VAs and VB Saltzman type 2 | Urokinase | Hemiparetic gate |
54yo M (2006) [20] | Aphasia, dysarthria and right hemiparesis | Left middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery territories | Embolization to the posterior circulation through the PTA Saltzman type 1 | None | No deficits |
55yo M (2010) [21] | Dysarthria and right hemiparesis (grade 4/5) | Left ventral hemipontine infarction | Ipsilateral tortuous primitive trigeminal artery Salytzman type 1 | Unknown | Unknown |
56yo M (2014) [22] | Transient diplopia and right-sided numbness which resolved in 10–15 min, 2 days later horizontal nystagmus and diplopia, right hemisensory loss to light touch and pinprick, tongue deviation to the right, decreased fine motor function in the right hand and slow right finger-to-nose performance | Left ventral pons and left superior cerebellar peduncle | Thrombosis of a persistent left trigeminal artery Saltzman type 1 | None | Unknown |
58yo M (2016) [23] | Retrograde and anterograde amnesia, superior homonymous quadrantanopias, and could not identify colors | Bilateral occipital infarcts involving the parahippocampal and lingual gyri | Hypoplastic vertebrobasilar circulation, with a persistent right trigeminal artery supplying the rostral basilar artery Saltzman type 1 | Unknown | Unknown |
62yo F (2006) [24] | Transient ill-defined visual disturbance and a mild right-sided hemiparesis | Left mesencephalic | Right high-grade ICA stenosis (80%) hypoplastic vertebral arteries, right PTA Saltzman type 1 | ICA endarterectomy | No deficits |
63yo M (1998) [25] | 1. Left facial palsy, right hemiparesis and left medial longitudinal fasciculus syndrome. 2. Hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia including pain and touch on the left side. | 1. Left basal part of the pons 2. Right basal part of the pons | Basilar artery middle portion stenosis (80%) Saltzman type 1 | 1. None 2. Urokinase | 1. Slight left facial palsy and right hemiparesis 2. No new deficits |
67yo M (2015) [26] | Sudden loss of consciousness and quadriplegia | Right cerebral hemisphere | Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and BA occlusion Saltzman type 1 | Thrombectomy of the MCA and of the BA through the PTA | Lucid and with moderate left hemiparesis |
67yo M (2015) [27] | Sudden loss of consciousness and left hemiparesis | None | Right ICA occlusion with PTA, BA, posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery hypoperfusion Saltzman type 1 | rt-PA and thrombectomy through the ICA and PTA | Mild facial and left hand paresis |
70yo M (2010) [28] | Dysarthria and right hemiparesis | Left pontine infarction | Embolic occlusion of the PTA Saltzman type 1 | rt-PA | No deficits |
73yo M (2014) [29] | Weakness of the lower extremities, and blindness of the left eye | Multiple infarcts in the anterior and posterior circulation (cardioembolisms) | Persistent primitive trigeminal artery, basilar artery hypoplasia Saltzman type 1 | Unknown | Unknown |
76yo M (2016) [30] | Mild dysmetria and intentional tremor affecting the right arm, tandem gait ataxia, and right-sided hemianopia, preceded several weeks by intermittent vertigo | Border-zone territory between the MCA and the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) | Left ICA stenosis (75%) and left PTA, BA hypoplasia below the PTA Saltzman type 1 | ICA endarterectomy | Resolution of the intermittent vertigo |
80yo F (2010) [29] | Dysphasia and dysarthria with dizziness and cough | Right pontine infarct | PTA between left vertebral artery and ipsilateral external carotid artery, right vertebral artery hypoplasia Saltzman type 2 | Unknown | Unknown |