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Table 2 Association of caregiver and patient characteristics with rehospitalization 0–3 months post-stroke

From: Dyadic approach to post-stroke hospitalizations: role of caregiver and patient characteristics

 

Reference category (if applicable)

IRR (95% CI)

P-value

aIRRa (95% CI)

P-value

CAREGIVER FACTORS

 Age (in years)

 

0.996 (0.975, 1.017)

0.708

  

 Gender

Male

0.665 (0.367, 1.204)

0.178

  

 Ethnicity

Non-Chinese

0.944 (0.540, 1.650)

0.839

  

 Marital Status

Single

1.247 (0.606, 2.565)

0.549

  

 Caregiver relationship

Spouse

 

0.510

  

 Child

 

1.300 (0.722, 2.341)

 

 Sibling

 

1.069 (0.255, 4.480)

 

 Others

 

0.314 (0.043, 2.308)

 

 Comorbid Conditions

None

 

0.103

  

  1

 

0.395 (0.154, 1.009)

 

  2

 

1.500 (0.694, 3.240)

 

  ≥ 3

 

0.614 (0.188, 1.998)

 

 Co-residing with patient

No

0.671 (0.315, 1.429)

0.300

  

 Caring for multiple care recipients

No

1.533 (0.880, 2.670)

0.131

  

 Memory problems

 

1.020 (0.977, 1.064)

0.367

  

 Depressive behavior problems

 

1.043 (0.995, 1.092)

0.077

  

 Disruptive behavior problems

 

1.047 (0.983, 1.114)

0.152

  

 Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale

 

1.011 (0.991, 1.032)

0.289

  

 Zarit Burden Interview

 

1.005 (0.971, 1.040)

0.778

  

 Family conflict - Attitude towards patient

 

0.958 (0.902, 1.017)

0.157

  

 Family conflict - Attitude towards caregiver

 

0.956 (0.899, 1.016)

0.146

  

 Social support - FDW for general help

No

0.410 (0.230, 0.731)

0.002

0.342 (0.180, 0.651)

0.001

 Social support - FDW for stroke patient

No

2.374 (1.262, 4.467)

0.007

  

 Social Support (perceived)

 

1.020 (0.962¸ 1.081)

0.508

  

 Care management strategies - Positive

 

1.011 (0.985, 1.037)

0.429

  

 Care management strategies - Negative

 

1.041 (0.988, 1.096)

0.134

  

PATIENT FACTORS

 Age (in years)

 

0.982 (0.955, 1.009)

0.180

  

 Gender

Male

1.425 (0.815, 2.490)

0.214

  

 Ethnicity

Non-Chinese

1.277 (0.717, 2.274)

0.407

  

 Marital Status

Single

0.769 (0.402, 1.471)

0.427

  

 Ward Class

Unsubsidized

0.804 (0.319, 2.026)

0.644

  

 CCI (during stroke onset)

1–3

 

0.495

  

  4–6

 

1.244 (0.572, 2.706)

 

  ≥ 7

 

1.702 (0.685, 4.232)

 

 Stroke type

Non-ischemic

0.405 (0.211, 0.774)

0.006

  

 Recurrent stroke

No

2.184 (1.193, 3.998)

0.011

2.099 (1.136, 3.877)

0.018

 National Institute of Health Scale

Mild (0–4)

 

0.022

  

 Moderately severe (5–14)

 

1.427 (0.785, 2.595)

 

 Severe (15–24)

 

3.295 (1.408, 7.714)

 

 Modified Rankin Scale

No or slight disability (0–2)

    

 Moderate or severe disability (3–5)

 

1.979 (1.052, 3.723)

0.034

  

 Mini-Mental State Examination

No cognitive impairment (24–30)

 

0.197

  

 Mild cognitive impairment (18–23)

 

1.398 (0.719, 2.717)

  

 Severe cognitive impairment (1–17)

 

1.846 (0.935, 3.645)

  

 Discharge to Community Hospital (step-down facility)

No

1.514 (0.843, 2.718)

0.165

  

 Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale

 

1.020 (0.971, 1.072)

0.427

  
  1. Abbreviations: IRR Incidence rate ratio, aIRR Adjusted incidence rate ratio, CI Confidence interval, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, FDW Foreign domestic worker
  2. aModel adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity and ward class of the patient