Table 3 Initial symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram of nineteen patients with anti-GABA-B receptor encephalitis
Case No. | Initial symptoms | Magnetic resonance imaging | Electroencephalogram |
|---|---|---|---|
Favorable-prognosis group | |||
1 | Seizures | Abnormal signals in the right temporal lobe | Focal seizures followed by non-convulsive status epilepticus |
2 | Seizures, psychiatric abnormalities | Abnormal signals in the bilateral hippocampus and frontal lobes | Focal seizures originating from the temporal area |
3 | Seizures, psychiatric abnormalities | Normal | Non-convulsive status epilepticus manifesting as periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges |
4 | Seizures, psychiatric abnormalities | Not available | Normal |
5 | Seizures, psychiatric abnormalities | Leukoaraiosis | Focal seizures originating from the left temporal area |
6 | Seizures, cognitive impairment | Normal | Normal |
7 | Seizures | Normal | Sharp and sharp-slow waves originating from the right frontal-temporal area |
8 | psychiatric abnormalities, cognitive impairment | Abnormal signals in the left temporal lobe | Irregular slow waves originating from the frontal-temporal area |
9 | Seizures | Normal | Non-convulsive status epilepticus originating from the frontal midline area |
10 | Memory impairment | Leukoaraiosis and multiple lacunar infarctions | Scattered slow waves |
11 | Seizures | Normal | Focal seizures originating from the right frontal area |
Poor-prognosis group | |||
12 | Seizures | Abnormal signals in the right temporal lobe | Focal seizures originating from the left temporal-occipital area |
13 (primary) | Seizures | Abnormal signals in the left thalamus, insula, temporal lobe, hippocampus, and bilateral frontal-parietal lobes | Focal status epilepticus originating from the left temporal area |
13 (recurrence) | Seizures | Abnormal signals in the right hippocampus and temporal lobe | Focal status epilepticus originating from the right temporal area |
14 | Diarrhea, seizures | White matter demyelination and multiple lacunar infarctions | Slow waves originating from the frontal midline area |
15 | Seizures | Abnormal signals in the left temporal lobe | Focal seizures originating from the frontal area |
16 | Seizures | Abnormal signals in the right hippocampus | Focal status epilepticus originating from the right temporal area |
17 | Seizures | Abnormal signals in the bilateral hippocampus | Focal seizures originating from the left temporal area |
18 | Seizures | Abnormal signals in the bilateral hippocampus and insula | Non-convulsive status epilepticus originating from the frontal area |
19 | Seizures, confusion | Abnormal signals in the left hippocampus | Focal status epilepticus originating from the left temporal area |