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Table 2 Changes in cognitive and functional abilities by AT(N) biomarker profiles during 3 years of ChEI therapy

From: Cerebro-spinal fluid biomarker levels: phosphorylated tau (T) and total tau (N) as markers for rate of progression in Alzheimer’s disease

Variable

A+ T– (N)–

A+ T+ (N)–

A+ T– (N)+

A+ T+ (N)+

p value

Response to ChEIs

 MMSE score, improved/unchanged patients after 6 months (%)

62

91

53

54

0.141

 ADAS-cog score (0–70), improved/ unchanged patients after 6 months (%)

62

18

56

55

0.077

 IADL score, improved/unchanged patients after 6 months (%)

53

36

25

41

0.218

 PSMS score, improved/unchanged patients after 6 months (%)

55

91

63

68

0.141

Rates of progression

Mean (95% confidence interval)

p value

 MMSE score, decline/year

−1.7 (−3.1, −0.2)

−1.4 (−3.0, 0.3)

−1.1 (−2.0, −0.1)

−2.9 (−4.1, − 1.8)

0.361

 ADAS-cog score (0–70), decline/year

−1.7 (−3.3, −0.2)

−2.7 (−4.5, −1.0)

−2.8 (−5.1, −0.4)

−3.9 (−5.6, −2.1)

0.286

 IADL score, decline/year

−2.6 (−3.3, −1.9)

−3.1 (−4.8, − 1.5)

−2.8 (− 3.9, − 1.8)

−4.2 (− 5.7, − 2.7)

0.148

 PSMS score, decline/year

−1.7 (−2.4, −0.9)

−1.4 (−2.6, − 0.1)

− 1.2 (− 1.9, − 0.5)

−1.4 (− 2.2, − 0.7)

0.891

 Length in the SATS, months

22.9 (19.6, 26.3)

27.5 (20.3, 34.7)

31.1 (27.1, 35.0)

23.8 (19.9, 27.7)

0.081

  1. For clarity, clinical improvements for all scales have been tabulated as positive changes from the start of ChEI therapy (approximately time of AD diagnosis)
  2. Abbreviations: A+ abnormal CSF Aβ42; AD Alzheimer’s disease; ADAS-cog Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ChEI cholinesterase inhibitor; IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale; MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination; (N)– normal CSF T-tau; (N)+ abnormal CSF T-tau; PSMS Physical Self-Maintenance Scale; SATS Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study; T– normal CSF P-tau; T+ abnormal CSF P-tau