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Table 5 Descriptive statistics of executive functioning (Digit Span, Verbal Fluency) among a sample of Omanis with traumatic brain injury and accompanying mild cognitive impairment between time since injury and across different assessment periods based on gender

From: Methylphenidate improves executive functions in patients with traumatic brain injuries: a feasibility trial via the idiographic approach

Executive functioning

Time since injury

Baselinea

Mean, SD

Methylphenidateb

Mean, SD

Post withdrawalc

Mean, SD

Digit Span

Total

<  2 months

3.67 ± 1.00

5.22 ± 0.83

3.67 ± 0.71

≥ 2 months

4.20 ± 0.86

6.00 ± 0.65

7.20 ± 0.68

Females

<  2 months

3.60 ± 1.34

5.40 ± 0.89

3.80 ± 0.84

≥ 2 months

4.00 ± 1.09

6.00 ± 0.89

7.17 ± 0.75

Males

<  2 months

3.75 ± 0.05

5.00 ± 0.82

3.50 ± 0.58

≥ 2 months

4.33 ± 0.70

6.00 ± 0.50

7.22 ± 0.68

Verbal Fluency

Total

<  2 months

10.00 ± 2.60

12.44 ± 2.83

8.00 ± 1.66

≥ 2 months

9.07 ± 3.30

12.33 ± 3.81

14.73 ± 3.28

Females

<  2 months

8.80 ± 2.05

11.60 ± 2.97

7.80 ± 1.09

≥ 2 months

8.33 ± 3.61

11.00 ± 3.41

13.50 ± 4.18

Males

<  2 months

11.50 ± 2.65

13.50 ± 2.65

8.25 ± 2.36

≥ 2 months

9.56 ± 3.20

13.22 ± 3.99

15.56 ± 2.45

  1. a Averages score across two baseline assessments
  2. b Average scores across two post-intervention assessments
  3. c The starting dose was 5 mg/day, increasing to a maximum dosage of 10 mg/day