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Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors for recurrence of CSDH

From: Predictors of acute intracranial hemorrhage and recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma following burr hole drainage

Variables

Recurrence

No recurrence

P Value

Patients

60(%)

388(%)

 

Gender

0.057

 Male

53 (88.3)

301 (77.6)

 

 Female

7 (11.7)

87 (22.4)

 

Age (years)

0.576

  < 70

30 (50)

209 (53.9)

 

  ≥ 70

30 (50)

179 (46.1)

 

Head trauma event

35 (58.3)

260 (67.0)

0.187

Medical history

 Hypertension

25 (41.7)

147 (37.9)

0.575

 Diabetes

10 (16.7)

49 (12.6)

0.389

 Heart disease

10 (16.7)

37 (9.5)

0.093

 Cerebral infarction

5 (8.3)

23 (5.9)

0.404

 Renal failure dialysis

1 (1.7)

2 (0.5)

0.351

Antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs

 Antiplatelet drugs

6 (10.0)

26 (6.7)

0.415

 Anticoagulant drugs

5 (8.3)

10 (2.6)

0.038

The main symptoms

 Headache

26 (43.3)

176 (45.4)

0.769

 Dizziness

17 (28.3)

122 (31.4)

0.628

 Motor weakness

32 (53.3)

221 (57.0)

0.598

 Nausea/vomiting

2 (3.3)

29 (7.5)

0.408

 Speech impairment

3 (5.0)

14 (3.6)

0.486

 Unsteady gait

2 (3.3)

6 (1.5)

0.292

 Incontinence

1 (1.7)

10 (2.6)

1.000

 Memory decline

1 (1.7)

13 (3.4)

0.704

GCS at admission

0.566

 15

53 (88.3)

332 (85.6)

 

 3–14

7 (11.7)

56 (14.4)

 

Operation side

P < 0.001

 Unilateral hematoma

26 (43.3)

270 (69.6)

 

 Bilateral hematoma

34 (56.7)

118 (30.4)

 

Radiological characteristics

 Midline shift

0.975

   < 10 mm

39 (65.0)

253 (65.2)

 

   ≥ 10 mm

21 (35.0)

135 (34.8)

 

Preoperative maximal thickness

0.154

   < 20 mm

9 (15.0)

90 (23.2)

 

   ≥ 20 mm

51 (85.0)

298 (76.8)

 

 Hematoma density

0.009

  Hyper-dense

29 (48.3)

104 (26.8)

 

  Hypo-dense

7 (11.7)

64 (16.5)

 

  Mixed density

21 (35.0)

189 (48.7)

 

  Iso-dense

3 (5.0)

31 (8.0)

 

Treatment

 Atorvastatin perioperatively

31 (51.7)

140 (36.1)

0.021

 Anesthesia

0.982

  Local

27 (45.0)

174 (44.8)

 

  General

33 (55.0)

214 (55.2)

 

  Intraoperative irrigation

49 (81.7)

327 (84.3)

0.608

  Injection urokinase after operation

3 (5.0)

9 (2.3)

0.208

 Duration of drainage, day

0.842

  1

9 (15.0)

54 (14.0)

 

  2

42 (70.0)

264 (68.0)

 

   ≥ 3

9 (15.0)

70 (18.0)

 

Complications

 Fever

5 (8.3)

64 (16.5)

0.103

 Irritability

4 (6.7)

15 (3.9)

0.303

 Poor wound healing

1 (1.7)

0

–

 Seizure

1 (1.7)

1 (0.26)

0.250

 Deep vein thrombosis

0

1 (0.26)

–

 AIH

0

23 (5.9)

–

Hospitalization time, mean ± SD, days

14.0 ± 6.4

14.0 ± 5.4

0.905

  1. GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, AIH Acute intracranial hemorrhage