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Table 2 Indications for Beginning Epilepsy Surgery Investigatory Pathway

From: Investigatory pathway and principles of patient selection for epilepsy surgery candidates: a systematic review

Citation

Indication for Initiating Workup

UCL Institute of Neurology

London, England 2011 [14]

N/A

National Temporal Lobectomy Survey

United States 2009 [39]

20% utilize no minimum AED failures to define candidacy

International Neurological Restoration Center

Havana, Cuba 2009 [40]

Refractory

University of Florida

Gainsville, Florida 2009 [41]

N/A

University of Munich

Munich, Germany 2009 [42]

Failure of two or three AED in monotherapy

Spanish Neurosurgical Society

Spain 2009 [43]

Seizures regardless of treatment for at least 2 years with two consecutive first-line AEDs and at least one trial of bi-therapy at maximal dosage

R. Madhavan Nayar Center for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care

Kerala, India 2010 [37]

Seizures despite treatment with two consecutive first-line antiepileptic medications (AEDs) over 2 years

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland, Ohio 2010 [38]

International League Against Epilepsy definition (a failure of two AED trials as monotherapy or combination)

Barrow Neurological Institute

Phoenix, Arizona 2011 [44]

N/A

Oslo University Hospital

Oslo, Norway 2012 [45]

International League Against Epilepsy definition (a failure of two AED trials as monotherapy or combination)

Toronto Western Hospital

Toronto, Canada 2012 [46]

Seizures despite treatment with two consecutive first-line antiepileptic medications (AEDs) over 2 years

Italian League Against Epilepsy

Italy 2013 [4]

Failure of two AED

Gazi University

Ankara, Turkey 2014 [47]

Refractory

National Center Hospital for Neurology and Psychiatry

Japan 2016 [48]

N/A