Tranexamic acid is associated with reduced mortality, hemorrhagic expansion, and vascular occlusive events in traumatic brain injury – meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Summary of Meta-analysis

Outcomes	Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval), p-value	Heterogeneity (I²), p-value	Harbord’s Test	Egger’s Test	Number of Studies
Mortality	0.92 [0.88, 0.97], 0.002	0%, 0.70	0.671	0.710	6
Hemorrhagic Expansion	0.79 [0.64, 0.97], 0.03	0%, 0.83	0.623	0.751	4
Need for Neurosurgical Intervention	0.99 [0.92, 1.07], 0.87	0%, 0.43	0.332	0.347	5
Unfavourable Glasgow Outcome Scale	0.93 [0.72, 1.21], 0.59	20%, 0.29	0.106	0.136	3
Vascular Occlusive Events^a	0.85 [0.71, 1.02], 0.09	21%, 0.22	0.513	0.82	5
DVT	0.82 [0.60, 1.13], 0.23	0%, 0.45	0.405	0.486	5
PE	1.00 [0.60, 1.66], 1	51%, 0.11	0.726	0.496	5
Stroke	0.83 [0.54, 1.27], 0.38	41%, 0.16	0.105	0.051	4
MI	0.75 [0.50, 1.11], 0.15	11%, 0.32	0.124	0.149	3
RCT with Low Risk of Bias Subgroup
Mortality	0.92 [0.87, 0.97], 0.001	0%, 0.80	0.795	0.823	5
Hemorrhagic Expansion	0.79 [0.64, 0.97], 0.03	0%, 0.83	0.623	0.751	4
Need for Neurosurgical Intervention	0.99 [0.89, 1.12], 0.93	5%, 0.37	0.534	0.472	4
Unfavourable Glasgow Outcome Scale	0.93 [0.72, 1.21], 0.59	20%, 0.29	0.106	0.136	3
Vascular Occlusive Events^a	0.85 [0.73, 0.99], 0.04	4%, 0.40	0.084	0.087	4
DVT	0.79 [0.53, 1.19], 0.26	25%, 0.27	0.170	0.392	4
PE	0.91 [0.70, 1.20], 0.52	0%, 0.51	0.383	0.542	4
Stroke	0.83 [0.54, 1.27], 0.38	41%, 0.16	0.105	0.051	4
MI	0.75 [0.50, 1.11], 0.15	11%, 0.32	0.124	0.149	3

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