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Table 2 Characteristics of the study population according to the inclusion period (n = 242)

From: Impact of the systematic use of the volume-viscosity swallow test in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: a retrospective study

Variables

Pre-V-VST period

(n = 147)

V-VST period

(n = 95)

t/Z /χ2

P

Age, years old

69.73 ± 10.81

67.36 ± 10.88

1.67

0.097

Gender, males

93(63.3)

55(57.9)

0.701

0.307

Risk factors

 Hypertension

106(72.1)

73(76.8)

0.671

0.413

 Diabetes

52(35.4)

39(41.1)

0.793

0.373

 Dyslipidemia

46(31.3)

29(30.5)

0.016

0.900

 Coronary heart disease/previous myocardial infraction

47(32.0)

26(27.4)

0.581

0.446

 Smoking

43(29.3)

31(32.6)

0.311

0.577

 Drinking

22(15.0)

15(15.8)

0.030

0.862

Admission NIHSS score

3(2–7)

3(1–5)

−1.643

0.100

Admission BP, mmHg

 Systolic BP

158.82 ± 22.80

157.83 ± 24.84

0.319

0.750

 Diastolic BP

85.95 ± 13.07

88.84 ± 14.73

−1.601

0.111

Stroke etiology

  

7.328

0.086a

 Cardioembolism

1(0.7)

5(5.3)

  

 Large-vessel disease

86(58.5)

57(60.0)

  

 Small-vessel disease

53(36.1)

30(31.6)

  

 Other causes

7(4.8)

2(2.1)

  

 Cryptogenic

0(0)

1(1.1)

  

OCSP classification

  

3.610

0.307

 Total anterior circulation infract

28(19.0)

11(11.6)

  

 Partial anterior circulation infract

80(54.4)

56(58.9)

  

 Lacunar infarct

22(15.0)

12(12.6)

  

 Posterior circulation

17(11.6)

16(16.8)

  

Treatment protocols

  

3.270

0.071

 Drugs

129(87.8)

90(94.7)

  

 Non-drugs

18(12.2)

5(5.3)

  
  1. *The difference was statistically significant
  2. aFisher’s exact test
  3. Results are presented as n (%) or median (interquartile range). NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; OCSP Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; SAP stroke-associated pneumonia; BI Barthel index; BP blood pressure
  4. Drugs in treatment protocol means oral drugs or intravenous drugs therapy. Oral drugs therapy includes anticoagulants (Aspirin, Clopidogrel) and antithrombotic agents (Statins). Intravenous drugs therapy means administrating thrombolytic (rt—PA) within four and a half hours after stroke onset. Non-drugs in treatment protocol means endovascular interventional treatment, including thrombectomy and endovascular stent implantation