Efficacy of andrographolide in not active progressive multiple sclerosis: a prospective exploratory double-blind, parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Table 2 Secondary efficacy outcomes

EDSS	Placebo N = 17	AP N = 20	p
Baseline median EDSS	6.0 (2.5–7.0)	6.0 (3.5–7.5)	0.92
Final median EDSS	6.5 (2.0–8.0)	6.0 (3.0–7.5)	0.24
Baseline mean EDSS	5.7 ± 1.3	5.8 ± 1.1	0.93
Final mean EDSS	6.2 ± 1.3	5.8 ± 1.3	0.43
Mean EDSS change	+ 0.35 (95% CI, −0.75 - 0.05)	−0.03 (95% CI, − 0.4 - 0.4)	0.04^a
Other efficacy outcomes	PlaceboN = 17	APN = 20	p
Other efficacy outcomes	mean change (95% CI)	mean change (95% CI)	p
SDMT	0.49 (0.05–0.92)	0.23 (−0.13–0.59)	0.36
PASAT	0.28 (−0.57–1.09)	0.22 (− 0.44–0.89)	0.92
9HPT	0.01 (−2.18–2.16)	−1.55 (−3.65–0.54)	0.32
T25FW	1.58 (−5.39–8.56)	−1.19 (−7.15–4.77)	0.56
MSFC	0.05 (−0.19–0.29)	0.11 (− 0.62–0.29)	0.69
RNFL	−9.2 (− 12.9–5.5)	−7.3 (− 11.2–3.3)	0.47

^aAdjusted model (baseline EDSS as a covariate); the mean difference between AP and placebo was 0.63
SMDT: symbol digit modalities test; PASAT Paced auditory serial addition test; 9HPT Nine-hole peg test; T25FW Timed 25-ft walk; MSFC Multiple sclerosis functional composite; RNFL Retinal nerve fibre layer. The results from GLM were adjusted for baseline MSFC

ISSN: 1471-2377