Table 2 Averaged hemodynamic and metabolic parameters during the study period in the overall population

Natremia (mmol/L)

142 [139–144]

142 [140–146]

143 [140–147]

140 [138–143] *^,†

Hyponatremia (Na ≤ 135 mmol/)

16 (27)

0 (0)

5 (8)

11 (18) *

Fluid intake (L/24 h)

3.2 [2.8–3.6]

3.3 [2.9–3.8]

3.2 [2.7–3.7]

3.2 [2.5–3.7] *

Diuresis (L/24 h)

2.2 [1.9–2.8]

1.8 [1.3–2.5]

2.2 [1.6–2.9]

2.4 [1.8–2.9] *

Fluid balance (L/24 h)

0.8 [0.6–1.2]

1.4 [0.4–2.0]

1.0 [0.4–1.4]

0.6 [− 0.1–1.1] *

Sodium intake (mmol/24 h)

323 [277–378]

363 [299–432]

295 [234–371]

302 [229–365] *

Urinary sodium excretion (mmol/24 h)

284 [221–362]

132 [91–275]

309 [187–422]

310 [226–409] *

Sodium balance (mmol/24 h)

47 [− 33–104]

215 [84–293]

16 [− 115–106]

22 [− 85–90] *

24-h CL_CR(ml/min/1.73m²)

143 [116–160]

136 [96–154]

143 [110–165]

147 [115–166] *

Augmented renal clearance

32 (53)

33 (55)

34 (57)

33 (55)

Urinary osmolality (mmol/L)

569 [503–653]

498 [423–627]

590 [487–655]

603 [510–700] *

24-h CL_H2O(ml/min/1.73m²)

−1.3 [− 1.5 – − 1.0]

− 0.8 [− 1.2 – − 0.4]

− 1.3 [− 1.6 – − 0.8]

− 1.6 [− 2.1 – − 1.1] *^,†

Fractional excretion of sodium (%)

0.94 [0.76–1.21]

0.56 [0.33–1.15]

0.98 [0.70–1.40]

0.94 [0.72–1.31] *

Fractional excretion of urate (%)

19 [12–22]

13 [11–18]

16 [12–21]

22 [13–28] *^,†

Mean MAP

92 [87–96]

87 [83–92]

91 [85–97]

93 [88–100] *

Use of vasopressor

54 (90)

54 (90)

42 (70)

30 (50) *