Table 4 Exercise categories of the sham treatment and the subsequent exercise selection of each category

Type 1:

Stretches

Type 2:

Exercises in crook lying

Type 3:

Exercises in side lying

a) Hamstrings

b) Quadriceps

c) Hip Flexors

d) Hip Abductors

e) Bilateral hip abductor

f) Ankle plantar-flexors

a) Bridging (two legs/single leg)

b) Trunk rotation

c) Pelvic tilt

d) Unilateral hip abduction/

bilateral hip abduction

e) Hip and knee

flexion/extension

a) unilateral hip abduction

b) unilateral hip abduction/

lateral rotation

c) Unilateral knee

flexion/extension

Type 4:

Exercises in prone

Type 5:

Exercises in unsupported sitting

Type 6:

Exercises in standing

a) Unilateral hip extension

b) Unilateral/bilateral knee flexion

c) Bilateral isometric

gluteal contractions

d) Unilateral/bilateral hip rotation

a) Anterior/posterior pelvic tilt

b) Trunk rotation

c) Forward trunk flexion

d) Unilateral trunk extension

(reach out of base of support)

e) Unilateral knee extension/flexion

f) Unilateral hip abduction

g) Bilateral hip abduction

a) Squats (two legs/single leg)

b) Step-ups onto low step

c) Balancing on one leg

(single-leg stance)

d) Sideways stepping

e) Backwards stepping

f) Balancing in step-stance

g) Lateral reaching out of base of support