Table 2 Procedural characteristics at the time of tracheostomy
PDT performed by a neurointensivist (n = 71) | Conventional surgical method (n = 85) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Reason for tracheostomy — No. of patients (%) | 0.853 | ||
Difficult ventilator weaning or prolonged intubation | 33 (46.5) | 34 (40.0) | |
Reduction of sedative | 15 (21.1) | 22 (25.9) | |
Airway protection or prevent the risk of aspiration | 15 (21.1) | 21 (24.7) | |
Airway toilet | 5 (7.0) | 4 (4.7) | |
Difficult airway | 3 (4.2) | 4 (4.7) | |
Premedication — No. of patients (%) | |||
Midazolam | 44 (62.0) | 65 (76.5) | 0.049 |
Cisatracurium | 59 (83.1) | 2 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
Fentanyl | 55 (77.5) | 2 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
Pethidine | 15 (21.1) | 29 (34.1) | 0.106 |
Propofol | 15 (21.1) | 2 (2.4) | 0.001 |
Vecuronium | 11 (15.5) | 2 (2.4) | 0.008 |
Remifentanil | 7 (9.9) | 4 (4.7) | 0.348 |
Succinylcholine | 3 (4.2) | 16 (18.8) | 0.011 |
Other | 5 (7.0) | 8 (9.4) | 0.808 |
Anticoagulation — No. of patients (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.999 |
Use of antiplatelet agent — No. of patients (%) | 5 (7.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0.093 |
GCS on procedure — mean ± SD | 8.6 ± 3.7 | 8.3 ± 3.5 | 0.653 |
Use of renal replacement therapy — No. of patients (%) | 3 (4.2) | 3 (3.5) | 0.999 |
Invasive ICP monitoring — No. of patients (%) | 20 (28.2) | 25 (29.4) | 0.865 |
Duration of mechanical ventilation before tracheostomy (days) — mean ± SD | 8.9 ± 5.8 | 8.2 ± 5.8 | 0.406 |
Inserted site — No. of patients (%) | 0.045 | ||
1st tracheal membrane | 16 (22.5) | 35 (41.2) | |
2nd tracheal membrane | 39 (54.9) | 34 (40.0) | |
3rd tracheal membrane | 16 (22.5) | 16 (18.8) | |
Internal diameter of T-cannula (mm) — No. of patients (%) | < 0.001 | ||
6.0 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | |
7.0 | 1 (1.4) | 22 (25.9) | |
7.5 | 35 (49.3) | 35 (41.2) | |
8.0 | 33 (46.5) | 24 (28.2) | |
Adjustable flange | 2 (2.8) | 3 (3.5) | |
Lab results on the day of tracheostomy — mean ± SD | |||
Platelet count (× 103/μl) | 252.2 ± 111.6 | 266.1 ± 107.0 | 0.440 |
PT (INR) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.461 |
aPTT (sec) | 38.9 ± 9.5 | 37.6 ± 6.4 | 0.330 |
Ventilator setting — mean ± SD | |||
FiO2 (%) | 39.9 ± 18.6 | 36.0 ± 7.0 | 0.094 |
PEEP (cmH2O) | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 1.8 | 0.315 |
Vasopressor requirement — No. of patients (%) | 11 (15.5) | 13 (15.3) | 0.973 |