| | All | Control | Treatmenta | P valueb |
|---|
| n (%) | 1.934 (100) | 1.678 (100) | 256 (100) | N/A |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 51 (10) | 50 (10) | 58 (10) | < 0.001 |
| Age groups, n (%) | | | | < 0.001 |
| 35 to 44 years | 542 (28) | 520 (31) | 22 (9) | |
| 45 to 54 years | 713 (37) | 641 (38) | 72 (28) | |
| 55 to 64 years | 449 (23) | 357 (21) | 92 (36) | |
| 65 to 74 years | 190 (10) | 133 (8) | 57 (22) | |
| ≥ 75 years | 40 (2) | 27 (2) | 13 (5) | |
| Gender, n (%) | | | | < 0.001 |
| Men | 916 (47) | 760 (45) | 156 (61) | |
| Women | 1018 (53) | 918 (55) | 100 (39) | |
| Educational level, n (%) | | | | < 0.001 |
| Low (≤12 years) | 624 (32) | 498 (30) | 126 (49) | |
| High (≥13 years) | 1310 (68) | 1180 (70) | 130 (51) | |
| Race, n (%) |
| Western-European | 1849 (96) | 1604 (96) | 245 (96) | 0.62 |
| Other | 72 (4) | 61 (4) | 11 (4) | |
| Cardiovascular historyc, n (%) | 19 (1) | 4 (< 1) | 15 (6) | < 0.001 |
| Treatable vascular risk (points)d, mean (SD) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 4 (3) | < 0.001 |
| Cognitive performance |
| RFFT (points), mean (SD) | 74 (26) | 76 (25) | 64 (25) | < 0.001 |
| VAT (points), mean (SD) | 10 (2) | 10 (2) | 9 (2) | < 0.001 |
| Composite z-scoree, mean (SD) | 0.03 (0.78) | 0.08 (0.77) | −0.30 (0.80) | < 0.001 |
- Abbreviations: RFFT Ruff Figural Fluency Test, VAT Visual Association Test, SD Standard deviation, N/A Not applicable
- a Treatment group included persons who had treatment of vascular risk factors for the first time at the first measurement of cognitive function
- bP values refer to comparisons between persons with and without treatment of vascular risk factors
- c All nineteen persons with a cardiovascular history had a cardiac event. There were no cerebrovascular of peripheral vascular event
- d Treatable vascular risk is based on the components of Framingham Risk Score for Cardiovascular Disease that are amenable to treatment and included diabetes mellitus, current smoker status, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and use of blood pressure lowering medication [24]
- e Cognitive performance was measured as a composite score of two tests (z-score): the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT) and the Visual Association Test (VAT) [20, 22]
