From: The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on insomnia and sleep quality: A systematic review
Rows | Name and year | country | Study type | population | No. of participants intervention group, Mean age (SD), Female percent | Type of intervention, Mode of delivery, Sessions duration | No. of participants comparator, Mean age (SD), Female percent | Measures taken in the comparison group | Measurement criteria and tools | Follow up duration | Summary of outcome | Quality rate of study |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Clarke, S. P. 2017 [27] | England | Pilot randomized controlled trial | Hip and knee osteoarthritis | 16, 66 (7.3), 75% | ACT, Groups of 4 to 6 people, 6 sessions 90 min per sessions, 6 week | 15, 67 (10.7), | none | Sleep and well-being (ICOAP) | 2 and 4 month follow up | The average score of sleep and well-being decreased slightly after two months of follow-up, which was not statistically significant. This score decreased again after a 4-month follow-up period, which was statistically significant. During this time, there was no change in the mean score of the control group. | 26 |
2 | Craner, J. R. 2020 [28] | America | Treatment outcome study | Chronic pain | 137, 48.84 (16.31), 78.8% | ACT+ other treatment, 10 sessions, 2–4 h, Almost 10 week,2 or 3 day per week | – | – | Insomnia (ISI) | – | The average score of insomnia decreased after treatment, and it was found that this treatment had a significant effect on improving insomnia, which was also statistically significant. | 19 |
3 | Farhang, Maryam .2017 [29] | India | quasi-experimental clinical trial | Mental disorder patient | 11, 33.54 (8.92), All women | ACT, 8 sessions, 75 min per session, one month | 11, 32.45 (11.3), All women | Normal drug treatment | Anxiety and insomnia (GHQ) | – | The average score of anxiety and insomnia decreased during treatment which shows improvments; This decrease was statistically significant. The score of the control group did not change significantly. | 18 |
4 | Herbert, M. S. 2017 [30] | America | Randomized Non-Inferiority clinical Trial | Chronic pain | 128, 50 (13), 18% In person: 65 individual, Video-teleconference:63 individual | ACT and normal pain tratment, In person, Video-teleconference, 8 session, 60 min 8 week, | – | – | Sleep quality (PSQI) | 3 and 6 month follow up | The mean score of sleep quality changed slightly and was not observed in any of the modified intervention methods. The observed small changes were not statistically significant. | 28 |
5 | Hesser, Hugo.2012 [26] | Sweden | Randomized contorted trial | Tinnitus | 35, 50.1 (16.4), 49.2% | ACT self-help internet delivered (online ACT), 8 session, 120 min 8 week | 1:Control group(32), 48.4 (14.2), 43.8% 2:CBT(32) 48.8 (13.4) 43.8% | 1: None 2:CBT self-help internet delivered, Face to face, 8 session, 120 min 8 week | Insomnia (insomnia severity index) | 1 year follow up | The mean score of insomnia was reduced equally by CBT and ACT. However, follow-up after one year showed that the severity of insomnia in the ACT treatment method was almost higher than the initial state and the sleep intensity in CBT was almost back to normal. The control group also showed a slight decrease in the severity of insomnia during the 2 months of treatment. | 25 |
6 | Jacobsen, Henrik Børsting. 2017 [31] | Norway | pre-post design | Chronic fatigue | 140, 43.9 (9), 80.7% | ACT, Groups and individual 8sessions, 150 min, 17 days | – | – | Insomnia (ISI) | – | A decrease in the mean score of the insomnia severity after treatment was observed, which was statistically significant. | 21 |
7 | Kallestad, H. 2015 [32] | Norway | Trial, repeated measures treatment | Chronic fatigue | 122, 44 (8.9), 80.3% | ACT, Groups and individual 7sessions, 17 days, | – | – | Insomnia (ISI) | – | The mean score of insomnia decreased significantly after the intervention, which was statistically significant. | 19 |
8 | Khazaie, H. 2019 [21] | Iran | quasi-experimental clinical trial | Chronic Insomnia | 12, 40.5 (8.36), 58.3% | ACT, Individual 8 sessions, 60 min, 8 week | – | – | Sleep quality (PSQI) | 3 month follow up | The average score of sleep quality after treatment and following a 3-month follow-up was decreased, which indicates the positive effect of ACT on sleep qauality. | 20 |
9 | Lang, A. J. 2017 [33] | America | Randomized controlled trial | Veterans with chronic pain | 80, 34.5 (7.9), 19.3% | ACT, individual sessions, 12 sessions, 60 min | 80, 34.0 (8.1), 21.2% | present-centered therapy (PCT), 12sessions, 60 min, | Insomnia (ISI) | 3,6,9 and 12 month follow up | The mean score for insomnia severity was decreased significantly, after ACT treatment, and this was statistically significant. However, PCT did not have such an effect on improving insomnia. | 26 |
10 | Mosher, C. E. 2019 [34] | America | pilot randomized trial examined | Lung cancer AND caregivers | 50, 63.20 (11.27), 60% | ACT telephone based, 6 sessions, 50 min, 6 week | 50, 62 (13.13), 64% | Education/Support, other similar psychological intervention, supportive listening and directing, 6 sessions | Sleep disturbance (PROMIS)4 Item | – | The mean score of insomnia did not change much following the intervention. The analysis of the Group X time effect did not show such a change. Moreover, the effect of other psychological interventions on sleep disorder was reported higher than ACT. | 26 |
11 | Mosher, C. E. 2018 [35] | America | pilot randomized trial examined | Metastatic breast cancer | 23, 59.30 (11.95), All women [19] | ACT telephone based, 6sessions, 50–60 Minutes, 6 week. | 24, 53.29 (10.93), | Education/Support, 6 sessions All women | Sleep-related impairment (PROMIS)8 item, Sleep disturbance (PROMIS) 4 item | 8 AND 12 week follow up | The ACT intrvention group showed little improvement in sleeplessness after 8 and 12 weeks of follow-up, however, this was not statistically significant. | 27 |
12 | Päivi, Lappalainen.2019 [36] | Finland | randomized controlled trial | insomnia | 43, 56.05 (11.05), 74.4% | ACT Internet-delivered self-help, 6 sessions, 6 week | 40, 50.78 (15.26), 52.5% | Control | Sleep quality (BNSQ), Insomnia (ISI), Sleeping difficulties (ESS), Recognize insomnia from normal sleep (DBAS) | 6 month follow up | The intervention had a positive and significant effect on improving sleep disorder, and sleep quality in patients with chronic insomnia. | 25 |
13 | Simister, H. D. 2018 [37] | Canada | randomized controlled trial | Fibromyalgia | 34 | (online ACT) + treatment as usual (TAU), 7 sessions 2 month | 33 | TAU, | Sleep quality (PSQI) | 3 month follow up | ACT was effective in improving sleep quality during treatment, however decreased during follow-up. This effect was not statistically significant. | 26 |
14 | Vethe, Daniel. 2018 [38] | Norway | randomized controlled trial | Chronic fatigue | 89, 61 (9), 85.4% | ACT, Individual and group, 7 h per day, 17 days | – | – | Insomnia (ISI) | 12 month follow up | The mean score of insomnia decreased significantly during the follow-up period, which was statistically significant. | 25 |
15 | Wells-Di Gregorio, S. M. 2019 [39] | America | Pilot randomized controlled trial | Advanced cancer | 17, 55.59 (7.25), 76% | CBT-ACT, face to face and video session, Two person and individual 3 sessions, 90 min, 6 week | 11, 58.0 (9.35), 91% | TAU | Insomnia (ISI), sleep diary (SOL), (WASO (TST), | – | Improvement of sleep quality, sleep delay, ISI severity were significantly different between the intervention and control groups, from the beginning up to week 6. | 24 |
16 | Westin, V. Z. 2011 [40] | Sweden | randomized controlled trial | tinnitus | 20, 53.5 (12.84), 64% | ACT, Individual, On average 8.37 sessions per person and maximum of 10 sessions, | 1)20, 48.95 (14.5), 40% 2)22, 49.59 (11.86), 36% | 1) tinnitus treatment therapy (TRT) 2)control | Insomnia (ISI) | 6 month follow up | Mean score for insomnia severity in the ACT intervention group decreased after treatment over 6-month, 18-month follow-up periods, and this was statistically significant. TRT intervention did not have a positive effect on improving sleep quality. | 25 |
17 | Wiklund, T. 2018 [41] | Sweden | randomized controlled trial | chronic pain | 81 | ACT-bsm, Groups, 7 session, 120 Minutes, 8 week | 1)78, 2)73 | 1)Exercise 2) control | Insomnia (ISI) | 6 and 12 month follow up | The average insomnia score in ACT intervention decreased after treatment and the 6 months follow-up, which was not statistically significant. The 12-month follow-up also showed a decrease in the insomnia, which was statistically significant. The effect of exercise on improving sleep quality was also evident, which was significant. | 25 |
18 | Zakiei, A. 2019 [42] | Iran | Single-arm Trial Plan | Insomnia | 4, 38.5 (10.37) 50% | ACT, 8 sessions, Individual,8 week | – | – | DBAS, SPA, PSQI, Sleep diary (TST, SOL, SE) | 3 month follow up | ACT improves sleep quality in people with insomnia. This situation was also observed during the follow-ups. | 20 |
19 | Zetterqvist, V. 2018 [43] | Sweden | clinical pilot study | Chronic pain | 16, 38.19 (14.13), 68.8% | ACT, Group and sometimes individual 6 sessions and 1 sessions in the follow up, 120 min, | – | – | Insomnia (ISI), Sleep diary((SE), (SOL), (WASO), (TST)) | 3 month follow up | In general, the intervention has a direct effect on improving the insomnia severity and other parameters related to sleep quality. | 23 |