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Table 2 Univariate and multivariable analysis for GOSE < 8 in ANP patients

From: Patients with mild traumatic brain injury and acute neck pain at the emergency department are a distinct category within the mTBI spectrum: a prospective multicentre cohort study

  

ANP patients (n = 79)

Univariate

Multivariable

Coding

OR

95% CI

p-value

OR

95% CI

p-value

Age

16–82

1.01

0.98–1.04

0.498

   

Gender

Male (0)-Female (1)

3.21

1.27–8.12

0.014

2.94

1.13–7.64

0.027

Alcohol

No (0) – Yes (1)

0.27

0.09–0.80

0.019

0.30

0.10–0.93

0.037

Education level

Low (0) – High (1)

0.84

0.33–2.14

0.710

   

GCS score ED

13–15

0.59

0.25–1.38

0.224

   

ISS

2–25

1.19

0.97–1.45

0.090

   

LOC

No (0) – Yes (1)

0.93

0.29–2.99

0.931

   

PTA

< 1 h (0) - > 1 h (1)

0.82

0.29–2.31

0.703

   

External head wounds

No (0) – Yes (1)

0.45

0.16–1.28

0.132

   

Head CT abnormalities

No (0) – Yes (1)

1.22

0.31–4.71

0.777

   

Hospital admission

No (0) – Yes (1)

1.01

0.41–2.48

0.977

   

Acute complaints

No (0) – Yes (1)

1.33

0.44–4.00

0.608

   

Trauma mechanism

 - Traffic accidents

 

4.00

1.18–13.6

0.033

NS

NS

NS

 - Falls

 

0.25

0.07–0.85

0.026

NS

NS

NS

 - Other

 

0.10

0.01–0.72

0.022

NS

NS

NS

Two weeks post-injury

No (0) – Yes (1)

      

 - Anxietya

 

1.55

0.46–5.24

0.439

   

 - Depressiona

 

3.73

0.73–19.1

0.114

   

 - Posttraumatic stressb

 

2.10

0.77–5.75

0.149

   
  1. Education level low = < 12 years of education, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, ED Emergency Department, ISS Injury Severity Score, LOC Loss of consciousness, NS Not significant in multivariable analysis, PTA Posttraumatic amnesia, Acute complaints = headache, nausea, vomiting or dizziness at the ED, Traffic accidents = all collisions by bicycle, motorcycle and car. acut-off score of > 7 for anxiety or depression on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. bA cut-off score of 19 on the Impact of Events Scale