Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the sample and comparisons of variables between patients with and without END
|  | The whole sample N = 109 | END (+) N = 30 | END (−) N = 79 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical variables | ||||
 Age* | 64.25 ± 11.78 | 66.4 ± 11.43 | 64.43 ± 11.88 | 0.242 |
 Male n(%)+ | 80 (73.4%) | 22 (73.3%) | 58 (73.4%) | 0.993 |
 Hypertension n(%)+ | 81 (73.2%) | 22 (73.3%) | 59 (74.7%) | 0.885 |
 Diabetes melitus n(%)+ | 40 (36.7%) | 14 (46.7%) | 26 (32.9%) | 0.183 |
 Hyperlipidemia, n(%)+ | 40 (36.7%) | 9 (30%) | 31 (39.2%) | 0.505 |
 Ischemic heart disease, n(%)¶ | 7 (6.4%) | 1 (3.3%) | 6 (7.6%) | 0.671 |
 Atrial fibrillation n(%)¶ | 12 (11.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 10 (12.7%) | 0.505 |
 Previous stroke n(%)¶ | 27 (24.8%) | 3 (10%) | 24 (30.4%) | 0.028 |
 Frequent consumption of alcohol n(%)¶ | 11 (10.1%) | 2 (6.7%) | 9 (11.4%) | 0.37 |
 Smoking n(%)+ | 53 (48.6%) | 12 (40%) | 41 (51.9%) | 0.267 |
 NIHSS score at admission§ | 4 (2–8) | 4 (2–7.25) | 5 (2–8) | 0.379 |
 SBP at admission* | 154.46 ± 21.88 | 158.6 ± 19.9 | 152.9 ± 22.5 | 0.221 |
 DBP at admission* | 89.7 ± 13.7 | 90.0 ± 15.0 | 89.6 ± 12.3 | 0.875 |
 Prestroke usage of antiplatelet agents, n(%) | 17 (15.6%) | 2 (6.7%) | 15 (19.0%) | 0.146 |
 Prestroke usage of statins, n (%) | 14 (12.8%) | 2 (6.7%) | 12 (15.2%) | 0.342 |
 Prestroke usage of antihypertensive agents, n (%) | 31 (28.4%) | 9 (30%) | 22 (27.8%) | 0.824 |
 Prestroke usage of glucose lowering agents, n (%) | 14 (13.4%) | 6 (20%) | 8 (10.1%) | 0.169 |
 Prestroke usage of anticoagulants, n (%) | 3 (2.7%) | 0 | 3 (3.7%) | 0.560 |
 Dual-antiplatelet agents after admission, n (%) | 41 (37.6%) | 13 (43.3%) | 28 (35.4%) | 0.448 |
MRI variables | ||||
 DWI-infarct volume (mm3)§ | 10.3 (2.3–19.7) | 14.2 (6.6–21.9) | 7.7 (1.6–18.2) | 0.037 |
 Hemorrhagic transformation n(%)¶ | 13 (11.9%) | 3 (10%) | 10 (12.7%) | 1.000 |
 WMHs§ | 2 (0–2.0) | 2 (0–2.25) | 2 (0–2.0) | 0.847 |
 APCVS n(%) | 60 (55%) | 24 (80%) | 36 (45.6%) | 0.001 |