Fig. 3
From: Head and neck CT angiography to assess the internal carotid artery stealing pathway
Patient 4, male. (Fig. 3a-c) Vascular ultrasound shows: a The left CCA had no blood flow, b the left ECA had retrograde blood flow, c left ICA blood flow shows low fluctuations in blood flow spectrum changes, (Fig. 3d-g) CTA shows: d CPR shows: The left CCA occlusion, left ICA patency, e VR shows: Internal carotid artery stealing pathway, f VR and g MIP shows: contralateral superior thyroid artery - affected superior thyroid artery forms an anastomotic blood vessel. (Fig. 3h-j) DSA showed: h Left superficial cervical artery positive image: the left CCA occlusion, the left ascending cervical artery (ACA), the deep cervical artery (DCA) and the superficial cervical artery (SCA) were thickened and lengthened. i Left vertebral artery lateral images display stealing pathway: left vertebral artery (VA), left ascending carotid artery (ACA), left deep carotid artery, left superficial carotid artery - left occipital artery (OcA) - left external carotid artery - left internal carotid artery . The circular area indicates that vertebral artery, deep carotid artery, ascending carotid artery and superficial carotid artery form anastomotic vessels. j Right common carotid artery anteroposterior images display stealing pathway: right common carotid artery - right superior thyroid artery (STA) - left superior thyroid artery - left external carotid artery - left internal carotid artery