Fig. 5

Individual dynamic changes of selected parameters in the CSF and blood during treatment. Dynamic changes in the levels of selected parameters from P1–3 and P5 are displayed in the context of the disease duration (since the first disease symptom appeared). a Different effects of immunotherapy on the CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ subpopulations behind the blood-brain barrier and in blood are documented (% expressed from lymphocytes). b Persistently increased levels of CXCL10, CXCL13, and BAFF in the CSF (above the 95th percentile of the controls) are depicted; the level of BAFF temporarily decreased under the 95th percentile of the controls only in P1 after ALEM administration, and during that period, CXCL13 level and CD4⁺ subpopulation in the CSF were also reduced. The patients are indicated with different colors. The empty dots represent samples collected prior to any immunotherapy and the arrows indicate ALEM administration in P1 and the initiation of NAT treatment in P2