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Table 2 Cross-sectional analysis; factors associated with “good self-rated health” 1–5 years after stroke in ADL-independent survivors. Odds ratios

From: Self-rated health over the first five years after stroke

 

Year 1 (n = 1051)

Year 2 (n = 911)

Year 3 (n = 780)

Year 4 (n = 718)

Year 5 (n = 632)

OR with 95% CI

OR with 95% CI

OR with 95% CI

OR with 95% CI

OR with 95% CI

Age (years)

0.98**

(0.96–0.99)

0.97**

(0.95–0.99)

0.97**

(0.95–0.99)

0.96**

(0.94–0.98)

0.99

(0.97–1.01)

Female

2.0**

(1.41–2.84)

1.98**

(1.33–2.94)

1.64*

(1.06–2.53)

2.34**

(1.48–3.72)

1.23

(0.78–1.95)

Living alone

1.27

(0.90–1.79)

1.00

(0.68–1.46)

1.68*

(1.07–2.62)

0.67

(0.43–1.03)

0.82

(0.52–1.29)

Housing situation

 Ordinary housing

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

 Ordinary housing with homecare

0.88

(0.56–1.38)

1.06

(0.62–1.82)

0.40**

(0.22–0.74)

1.45

(0.77–2.71)

0.50*

(0.26–0.998)

 Nursing home

1.72

(0.82–3.64)

1.29

(0.55–3.06)

0.49

(0.15–1.64)

2.29

(0.64–8.17)

1.47

(0.46–4.71))

Pain

 Never

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

 Sometimes

0.49**

(0.36–0.68)

0.51**

(0.36–0.74)

0.42**

(0.28–0.65)

0.40**

(0.26–0.61)

0.40**

(0.25–0.63)

 Often or constantly

0.18**

(0.11–0.28)

0.15**

(0.09–0.24)

0.07**

(0.04–0.13)

0.10**

(0.05–0.18)

0.08**

(0.04–0.15)

Depression

 Never

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

 Sometimes

0.30**

(0.21–0.41)

0.29**

(0.20–0.42)

0.22**

(0.14–0.34)

0.36**

(0.23–0.56)

0.39**

(0.25–0.60)

 Often or constantly

0.14**

(0.08–0.26)

0.16**

(0.08–0.31)

0.13**

(0.06–0.29)

0.08**

(0.03–0.18)

0.10**

(0.03–0.25)

Physical activity

 Never or not applicable

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

 Sporadic

1.59*

(1.06–2.39)

1.61*

(1.02–2.54)

1.56

(0.95–2.58)

2.08**

(1.25–3.46)

1.36

(0.80–2.30)

 2–3 times a week or more

2.14**

(1.47–3.13)

1.84**

(1.19–2.86)

3.79**

(2.33–6.17)

4.05**

(2.39–6.85)

2.48**

(1.46–4.21)

At least one social activity a week

1.42

(0.75–2.69)

1.64

(0.79–3.40)

1.73

(0.78–3.80)

1.38

(0.56–3.38)

2.32

(0.88–6.06)

Perceived unmet care needs

0.39**

(0.27–0.57)

0.24**

(0.15–0.37)

0.49**

(0.30–0.78)

0.36**

(0.22–0.59)

0.32**

(0.19–0.54)

Driving car

2.25**

(1.40–3.62)

2.45**

(1.40–4.27)

1.67

(0.88–3.15)

1.68

(0.85–3.33)

0.99

(0.48–2.07)

  1. Cross-sectional multivariable logistic regression analysis. ADL indicates activities in daily living* < 0.05, ** < 0.01, ref. = reference category. Good self-rated health = the response alternatives “good”, “very good” and” excellent” grouped together