Oral neuromuscular training in patients with dysphagia after stroke: a prospective, randomized, open-label study with blinded evaluators

Table 3 Swallowing dysfunction at baseline according to the VFS

Baseline	Control n = 14	Intervention n = 18	P-value
Premature spillage			0.426^a
Yes	12 (86)	13 (72)
No	2 (14)	5 (28)
Retention pharynx^*			0.669^a
Yes	10 (71)	15 (83)
No	4 (29)	3 (17)
Aspiration			0.178^b
Yes	8 (57)	6 (33)
No	6 (43)	12 (67)
PAS > 2			0.688^a
Yes	8 (57)	9 (50)
No	6 (43)	9 (50)
One or more dysfunction			NA
Yes	14 (100)	18 (100)
No	0 (0)	0 (0)

Data are given as n (%)
Abbreviations: VFS videofluoroscopy, PAS Penetration Aspiration Scale, NA Not Applicable
^*Retention pharynx refers to retention in the vallecula or piriform sinus
^aFisher’s exact test
^bChi-squared test

ISSN: 1471-2377