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Table 2 Results of binary regression analysis with all predictors (Prediction of time-to-presentation ≤ 4.5 h)

From: Factors affecting prehospital delay in rural and urban patients with stroke: a prospective survey-based study in Southwest Germany

Predictor

p-value

Exposure

95% CI

Hospital of admission (CSC vs PCC)

0.528

1.354

0.529

3.467

Self-observation of stroke symptoms (yes vs no)

0.284

1.550

0.695

3.455

Hesitation to seek help (yes vs no)

< 0.001

0.189

0.088

0.407

Talked about stroke symptoms with friends/relatives who had previously had a stroke (yes vs no)

0.017

2.650

1.192

5.890

Having heard of educational campaigns (yes vs no)

0.673

1.191

0.529

2.683

Awareness of time window (yes vs no)

0.003

4.601

1.668

12.686

Awareness of treatment regimens (yes vs no)

0.930

0.961

0.397

2.329

Knowing to seek help immediately (yes vs no)

0.173

2.280

0.697

7.455

Number of risk factors (1–6)

0.660

1.051

0.842

1.312

NIHSS at admission (1–35)

0.209

1.071

0.962

1.191

Admission type

 self vs EMS

0.009

0.253

0.090

0.713

 Family physicians and other hospitals vs EMS

0.02

0.215

0.082

0.565

Diagnosis at discharge

 ICH vs. TIA

0.012

0.083

0.012

0.537

 Stroke vs. TIA

0.023

0.289

0.099

0.845

  1. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, CSC comprehensive stroke centre, EMS emergency medical services, ICH Intracranial hemorrhage, NIHSS National Institutes of Stroke Scale, PCC primary care centre, TIA transient ischemic attack