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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of retinopathy

From: The association between retinal vessel abnormalities and H-type hypertension

Variable

Without Retinopathy (128)

With Retinopathy (63)

P value

Age, y, mean ± SD

64.20 ± 12.09

68.25 ± 10.47

0.024

H-type hypertension group, n (%)

61(47.7%)

44(69.8%)

0.004

male, n (%)

98(76.6%)

41 (65.1%)

0.094

Smoking currently, n (%)

67(52.3%)

27 (42.9%)

0.218

Alcohol use, n (%)

32(25.0%)

14 (22.2%)

0.673

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

7(5.5%)

5 (7.9%)

0.509

Coronary heart disease, n (%)

11 (8.6%)

9 (14.3%)

0.227

Diabetes, n (%)

34(26.6%)

28 (44.4%)

0.013

Hypertension duration, median (IQR)

10.00(5.00,13.00)

12.00(8.00,16.00)

0.032

Hypertension grades

  

0.637

 Grade 1 n (%)

8(6.3%)

6(9.5%)

 

 Grade 2 n (%)

48(37.5%)

25(39.7%)

 

 Grade 3 n (%)

72(56.3%)

32(50.8%)

 

SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD

145.84 ± 22.48

147.35 ± 17.13

0.603

DBP. mmHg, mean ± SD

85.47 ± 12.88

83.54 ± 12.15

0.323

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

3.95 ± 0.92

4.00 ± 0.87

0.732

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

2.02 ± 3.11

1.65 ± 0.76

0.352

LDL, mmol/L

2.14 ± 0.70

2.19 ± 0.68

0.690

HDL, mmol/L

1.05 ± 0.29

1.05 ± 0.24

0.932

Serum creatinine, mmol/L

69.54 ± 18.48

72.06 ± 18.73

0.379

HCY, µmol/L, median (IQR)

9.96(8.42,13.80)

13.42(9.10, 20.23)

0.001

HCY levels, n (%)

  

0.001

 Normal (5.04 to 9.99, µmol/L)

64(50%)

21(33.3%)

 

 Mild (10.00 to 14.99, µmol/L)

44(24.4%)

17(27.0%)

 

 Severe (15.00 to 65.00, µmol/L)

20(15.6%)

25(39.7%)

 
  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HCY homocysteine, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein
  2. Retinopathy was defined as present if any of the following retinal vascular abnormalities were detected through retinal fundus photographs: retinal hemangioma, hemorrhages, hard exudates and soft exudates
  3. Hypertension grades: Grade 1, SBP:140 to 159 mmHg and/or DBP: 90 to 99 mmHg; Grade 2, SBP:160 to 179 mmHg and/or DBP: 100 to 109 mmHg; Grade 3, SBP ≥ 180 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 110 mmHg. The standards of the grading are based on the highest blood pressure without medicine since the diagnosis of hypertension