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Table 3 Analysis of factors regarding favorable outcome (mRS < 3) using univariable regression or Fisher’s exact test; n = 150

From: High-normal PaCO2 values might be associated with worse outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage – a retrospective cohort study

 

favorable outcome (n = 17) median or n (p25; p75 or %)

unfavorable outcome (n = 133) median or n (p25; p75 or %)

OR (95% CI)

p

Baseline characteristics

 Age (median, y)

58 (50; 63)

57 (50; 64)

1.00 (0.96–1.05)

0.884

 Female sex (n)

13 (76%)

94 (71%)

1.35 (0.41–4.39)

0.620

 First degree relatives with SAH (n)

0

5 (4%)

 

1.000±

 mRS before admission (median)

0 (0; 0)

0 (0; 0)

1.08 (0.40–2.87)

0.883

 Addiction to alcohol (n)

3 (18%)

9 (7%)

2.95 (0.71–12.20)

0.135

 Arterial hypertension (n)

10 (59%)

77 (58%)

1.04 (0.37–2.90)

0.942

 Aspirin (n)

1 (6%)

15 (11%)

0.49 (0.06–4.00)

0.506

 Oral anticoagulation (n)

0

6 (5%)

 

1.000±

 Aneurysm size (median, mm)

5 (4; 7)

6 (4; 9)

0.87 (0.73–1.04)

0.132

 Hunt-Hess score on admission (median)

3 (2; 3)

4 (3; 5)

0.60 (0.40–0.88)

0.010*

Aneurysm location

  Anterior communicating artery

7 (41%)

43 (32%)

2.60 (0.30–22.87)

0.388

  Middle cerebral artery

2 (12%)

27 (20%)

1.19 (0.10–14.14)

0.893

  Posterior communicating artery

3 (18%)

15 (11%)

3.20 (0.30–34.24)

0.336

  Basilar artery

1 (6%)

16 (%)

base

 

  Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

0

10 (8%)

  

  Internal carotid artery

1 (6%)

9 (7%)

1.78 (0.10–31.98)

0.696

  Anterior cerebral artery

0

6 (5%)

  

  Vertebral artery

1 (6%)

3 (2%)

5.33 (0.26–110.80)

0.279

  Posterior cerebral artery

0

3 (2%)

  

  Superior cerebellar artery

1 (6%)

1 (1%)

16.00 (0.52–494.00)

0.113

  Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

1 (6%)

0

  

Treatment modality

 Coiling

12 (71%)

71 (53%)

1.55 (0.51–4.71)

0.435

 Clipping

5 (29%)

46 (35%)

base

 

 Coiling and clipping

0

4 (3%)

  

 Flow diverter

0

1 (1%)

  

 No intervention

0

11 (8%)

  

Complications

 Hydrocephalus (n)

14 (82%)

108 (81%)

1.08 (0.29–4.05)

0.909

 Pneumonia (n)

6 (35%)

82 (62%)

0.34 (0.12–0.97)

0.044*

 Fever (h, median)

15 (3; 25)

8 (1; 45)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.506

 Vasospasm (n)

11 (65%)

82 (62%)

1.14 (0.40–3.27)

0.807

 Rebleeding (n)

1 (6%)

35 (26%)

0.18 (0.02–1.37)

0.097

 Seizure (n)

2 (12%)

41 (31%)

0.30 (0.07–1.37)

0.120

 Delayed cerebral ischemia (n)

4 (24%)

70 (53%)

0.28 (0.09–0.89)

0.032*

 Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (n)

2 (12%)

47 (35%)

0.24 (0.05–1.11)

0.068

 Need for ventricular/lumbar drainage (n)

15 (88%)

126 (95%)

0.42 (0.08–2.19)

0.301

 Length of stay (d, median)

21 (16; 30)

19 (11; 25)

1.01 (0.99–1.04)

0.285

ventilation parameters

 Horowitz index (PaO2/FiO2, median)

360 (297; 395)

277 (225; 329)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

0.005*

 Proportion of values of PaCO2 > 40 mmHg

0.21 (0.13; 0.5)

0.4 (0.29; 0.59)

0.04 (0.00–0.55)

0.017*

 Driving pressure (mbar, median)

13 (12; 14)

13 (12; 15)

0.90 (0.73–1.12)

0.347

 Tidal volume (ml, median)

550 (499; 592)

520 (473; 579)

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.357

 pH (median)

7.42 (7.39; 7.44)

7.43 (7.40; 7.45)

 

0.223

 Ventilation time (h, median)

42 (21; 84)

346 (171; 538)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.001*

 FiO2 (median)

0.30 (0.30–0.35)

0.35 (0.30–0.40)

0.90 (0.82–0.99)

0.034*

 Intracranial pressure (mm Hg, median)

5 (3; 7)

8 (5; 11)

0.84 (0.73–0.96)

0.013*

  1. OR odds ratio and 95% CI; all p-values derived from logistic regression except ±Fisher’s exact test; *significant; ASA Acetylsalicylic acid, Mann-Whitney-U test; univariable logistic regression did not converge