Table 2 Participant characteristics according to the estradiol-to-testosterone ratio tertile

Age, years

69.42 ± 11.05

68.15 ± 10.73

74.13 ± 8.91

<0.001

Prevalence of AIS

33 (33.3)

50 (50.0)

63 (63.6)

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

134.84 ± 23.38

142.56 ± 25.18

144.11 ± 23.33

0.015

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

76.24 ± 15.67

80.70 ± 18.85

80.88 ± 16.79

0.100

Body mass index, kg/m²

24.13 ± 3.12

23.00 ± 3.22

23.97 ± 2.80

0.019

Hypertension

49 (49.5)

44 (44.0)

42 (42.4)

0.586

Diabetes mellitus

13 (13.1)

32 (32.0)

22 (22.2)

0.006

Smoking, current

25 (25.3)

19 (19.0)

36 (36.4)

0.020

Alcohol, current

32 (32.3)

30 (30.0)

46 (46.5)

0.032

Cardiovascular disease^a

13 (13.1)

24 (24.0)

14 (14.1)

0.090

Hyperlipidemia

33 (33.3)

41 (41.0)

36 (36.4)

0.553

Atrial fibrillation

15 (15.2)

8 (8.0)

17 (17.2)

0.143

CKD

14 (14.1)

21 (21.0)

15 (15.2)

0.388

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.94 ± 1.14

5.02 ± 1.07

5.29 ± 1.03

0.060

Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.70 ± 1.02

1.63 ± 0.95

1.85 ± 1.08

0.307

HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

1.21 ± 0.30

1.15 ± 0.31

1.24 ± 0.29

0.107

LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

3.12 ± 0.96

3.26 ± 0.92

3.36 ± 0.98

0.202

HbA1c, %

5.72 ± 1.00

6.11 ± 1.77

6.10 ± 1.38

0.089

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

74.64 ± 14.27

70.44 ± 14.16

72.02 ± 15.45

0.125

E2 (estradiol), pmol/L

26.69 ± 19.96

61.70 ± 36.44

112.32 ± 46.40

<0.001

Total testosterone, nmol/L

16.57 ± 10.87

16.09 ± 8.93

11.11 ± 5.68

<0.001

Free testosterone, nmol/L

0.24 ± 0.08

0.26 ± 0.10

0.24 ± 0.14

0.498

Progesterone, nmol/L

1.61 ± 0.54

1.91 ± 0.74

1.81 ± 0.66

0.004

17-OH progesterone, nmol/L

4.60 ± 1.81

5.33 ± 1.98

4.87 ± 2.05

0.030