German translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the unidimensional self-efficacy scale for multiple sclerosis

Table 1 Population characteristics of the validation sample

Parameters	N = 309
Gender^a	72 (23.3) males
Gender^a	237 (76.7) females
Age^b	50.2 ± 11.8 years
MS phenotype^a	194 (62.8) relapsing-remitting
	36 (11.7) primary progressive
	79 (25.6) secondary progressive
Disease duration^b	18.21 ± 10.80 years
EDSS^c	3.0 (0–9)
EDSS groups^a	205 (66.3) with an EDSS of 0–4.0
	86 (27.8) with an EDSS of 4.5–6.5
	18 (5.8) with an EDSS of 7.0–9.0
Disease modifying treatment (DMT)^a	163 (53) patients received no DMT
	61 (19.7) received lowly effective DMT^d
	85 (27.5) received highly effective DMT^e

Abbreviations: EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale
^aData are shown as count (percentage)
^bData are presented as mean ± standard deviation
^cData are shown as median (range)
^dlow effective DMTs: interferon-b 1a and 1b, pegylated interferon-b 1a, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, azathioprin, intravenous immunoglobulins
^ehigh effective DMTs: alemtuzumab, cladribine, fingolimod, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, rituximab