Effects of long-term anti-seizure medication monotherapy on all-cause death in patients with post-stroke epilepsy: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan

Table 3 The risk of 5-year mortality and new ischemic strokes in the four ASM groups

Outcome	Crude HR (95 % CI)	P value	Adjusted HR^a (95 % CI)	P value
Follow-up for 5 years
Death
New ASM	Reference		Reference
Carbamazepine	0.40(0.14–1.16)	0.09	0.47(0.14–1.62)	0.23
Valproic acid	1.35(0.83–2.19)	0.23	1.03(0.62–1.70)	0.92
Phenytoin	1.95(1.27-3.00)	0.002	1.64(1.06–2.55)	0.03
New ischemic strokes (competing risk analysis)
New ASM	Reference		Reference
Carbamazepine	0.45(0.15–1.32)	0.15	0.50(0.16–1.57)	0.23
Valproic acid	0.68(0.38–1.22)	0.20	0.64(0.33–1.25)	0.19
Phenytoin	0.81(0.50–1.34)	0.42	0.95(0.55–1.65)	0.87

Abbreviations: ASM anti-seizure medication, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
^aAdjusted for age, gender, index stroke type, hypertension, diabetic mellitus, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, prior stroke, chronic kidney disease, peripheral vascular disease, mood disorder, dementia, migraine, stroke severity index, concomitant anticoagulants use, concomitant antiplatelet use, concomitant antidepressants use, concomitant statin use, and Year of index date of ASM use

ISSN: 1471-2377