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Table 1 Characteristics of individuals with Parkinson disease initiated on antipsychotic therapy, Optum 2001–2019

From: Low continuation of antipsychotic therapy in Parkinson disease – intolerance, ineffectiveness, or inertia?

Characteristic Type

Pimavanserin

(n = 153)

Quetiapine

(n = 2452)

Aripiprazole

(n = 169)

Risperidone

(n = 462)

Olanzapine

(n = 304)

p-value

Demographic

Age at initiation, years median (IQR)

75 (69–80)

77 (69–82)

72 (64–78)

78 (72–83)

76 (70–82)

< 0.0001b

Age groups, n (col%)

     

< 0.0001a

40–59 years

4 (2.6)

166 (6.8)

18 (10.7)

21 (4.5)

22 (7.2)

 

60 to 79 years

108 (70.6)

1389 (56.6)

119 (70.4)

249 (53.9)

179 (58.9)

 

≥80 years

41 (26.8)

897 (36.6)

32 (18.9)

192 (41.6)

103 (33.9)

 

Sex categories, n (col%)

     

< 0.0001a

Male

94 (61.4)

1429 (58.3)

54 (32.0)

225 (48.7)

155 (51.0)

 

Female

59 (38.6)

1023 (41.7)

115 (68.0)

237 (51.3)

149 (49.0)

 

Race categories, n (col%)

     

0.268a

White

96 (62.7)

1542 (62.9)

111 (65.7)

277 (60.0)

198 (65.1)

 

Nonwhite

31 (20.3)

450 (18.3)

27 (16.0)

100 (21.6)

41 (13.5)

 

Unknown/Missing

26 (17.0)

460 (18.8)

31 (18.3)

85 (18.4)

65 (21.4)

 

Region, n (col %)

     

0.194a

Midwest

28 (18.3)

515 (21.0)

37 (21.9)

102 (22.1)

70 (23.0)

 

Northeast

12 (7.8)

287 (11.7)

22 (13.0)

63 (13.6)

31 (10.2)

 

South

70 (45.8)

984 (40.1)

81 (47.9)

183 (39.6)

115 (37.8)

 

West

42 (27.4)

657 (26.8)

29 (17.2)

114 (24.7)

88 (28.9)

 

Other

1 (0.6)

9 (0.4)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

Clinical

Combined Charlson-Elixhauser comorbidity score, mean (SD)

1.6 (1.9)

1.9 (2.4)

1.9 (2.1)

2.2 (2.5)

2.2 (2.4)

0.0002b

Claims-based frailty index, mean (SD)

0.20 (0.05)

0.22 (0.06)

0.22 (0.06)

0.23 (0.07)

0.23 (0.07)

< 0.0001b

CFI categories, n (col%)

     

< 0.0001a

Robust

24 (15.7)

301 (12.3)

15 (8.9)

40 (8.6)

28 (9.2)

 

Prefrail

104 (68.0)

1526 (62.2)

100 (59.2)

253 (54.8)

173 (56.9)

 

Mildly frail

20 (13.1)

514 (21.0)

48 (28.4)

149 (32.3)

84 (27.6)

 

Moderate to severely frail

5 (3.3)

111 (4.5)

6 (3.5)

20 (4.3)

19 (6.3)

 

Healthcare and medication use in 6 months prior to AP initiation

# Medications filled per month, mean (SD)

3.5 (1.8)

4.1 (2.4)

5.4 (2.7)

4.5 (2.5)

4.5 (2.5)

< 0.0001b

# Neurology visits, mean (SD)

1.3 (1.2)

1.2 (1.6)

0.9 (1.2)

1.0 (2.7)

0.9 (1.3)

< 0.0001b

# ED visits, mean (SD)

0.3 (0.7)

0.5 (1.4)

0.8 (2.5)

0.6 (1.2)

0.7 (2.2)

0.0484b

# Inpatient admissions, mean (SD)

0.5 (3.3)

1.3 (4.0)

1.4 (3.6)

2.2 (6.9)

2.0 (5.1)

< 0.0001b

  1. AP antipsychotic, CFI claims-based frailty index, ED emergency department, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation
  2. a Chi-square for categorical variables; b Kruskal-Wallis for continuous variables