Table 2 Factors Associated with the Presence of Brain Herniation Syndrome
From: Quantitative assessments of pupillary light reflexes in hospital-onset unresponsiveness
Factor | Univariable analysis OR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariable analysis Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | <  0.001 | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 0.014 |
Male sex | 1.00 (0.49–2.10) | 0.987 |  |  |
Modified Rankin Scale before admission ≥4 | 0.32 (0.11–0.77) | 0.017 |  |  |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Hypertension | 0.40 (0.18–0.85) | 0.021 |  |  |
 Diabetes mellitus | 0.27 (0.09–0.68) | 0.011 |  |  |
 Cardiac disease | 0.71 (0.32–1.49) | 0.384 |  |  |
 Chronic lung disease | 0.47 (0.07–1.74) | 0.331 |  |  |
 Chronic liver disease | 2.25 (0.94–5.12) | 0.058 |  |  |
 Chronic kidney disease | 0.32 (0.07–0.96) | 0.072 |  |  |
 Cancer | 1.04 (0.49–2.13) | 0.911 |  |  |
 Previous stroke | 0.59 (0.16–1.63) | 0.357 |  |  |
Findings on NAT activation | ||||
 Glasgow Coma Scale | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 0.005 | 0.83 (0.71–0.98) | 0.027 |
 Hypotension | 1.61 (0.43–4.97) | 0.431 |  |  |
 Tachycardia | 1.78 (0.83–4.10) | 0.151 |  |  |
Quantitative measures on pupillometry | ||||
 NPi | 0.54 (0.42–0.68) | <  0.001 | 0.57 (0.45–0.74) | <  0.001 |
 Max, mm | 1.75 (1.32–2.37) | <  0.001 | 1.54 (1.14–2.09) | <  0.001 |
 Min, mm | 1.74 (1.23–2.54) | 0.002 | 1.51 (1.03–2.21) | 0.034 |
 CH, % | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 0.066 |  |  |
 CV, mm/sec | 0.76 (0.46–1.20) | 0.273 |  |  |
 Lat, msec | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.227 |  |  |
 DV, mm/sec | 0.42 (0.14–1.16) | 0.111 |  |  |