Skip to main content

Table 3 Factors Associated with Poor Neurological Outcomes at 3-months

From: Quantitative assessments of pupillary light reflexes in hospital-onset unresponsiveness

Factor

Univariable analysis

OR (95% CI)

p value

Multivariable analysis

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

p value

Age, yr

1.03 (1.01–1.06)

<  0.001

  

Male sex

1.47 (0.76–2.82)

0.241

  

Modified Rankin Scale before admission ≥4

17.09 (5.03–107.0)

<  0.001

13.7 (3.14–60.6)

< 0.001

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

0.86 (0.45–1.65)

0.661

  

 Diabetes mellitus

2.66 (1.25–6.22)

0.015

  

 Cardiac disease

1.00 (0.51–1.98)

0.989

  

 Chronic lung disease

0.96 (0.35–3.09)

0.945

  

 Chronic liver disease

1.00 (0.43–2.54)

0.984

  

 Chronic kidney disease

1.91 (0.79–5.35)

0.176

  

 Cancer

2.24 (1.12–4.69)

0.025

2.24 (1.00–5.00)

0.031

 Previous stroke

5.30 (1.51–33.6)

0.026

4.89 (1.05–22.7)

0.043

Findings on NAT activation

 Glasgow Coma Scale

0.89 (0.77–1.01)

0.091

  

 Hypotension

1.17 (0.34–5.37)

0.809

  

 Tachycardia

1.01 (0.50–2.00)

0.960

  

Etiology of hospital-onset unresponsiveness

 Metabolic encephalopathy

1.07 (0.56–2.08)

0.817

  

 Ischemic stroke

2.76 (0.74–17.9)

0.185

  

 Hemorrhagic stroke

3.74 (0.70–69.3)

0.211

  

 Intracranial bleeding (subdural or epidural)

1.29 (0.18–25.7)

0.817

  

 Brain tumor

3.69 (0.20–67.9)

0.448

  

 Meningoencephalitis

2.32 (0.12–45.6)

0.754

  

 Seizure

0.56 (0.28–1.12)

0.098

  

 Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

2.32 (0.12–45.6)

0.754

  

 Others (syncope or psychogenic coma)

0.06 (0.00–1.32)

0.094

  

Brain herniation syndrome

1.69 (0.69–4.75)

0.276

  

Quantitative measures on pupillometry

 NPi

0.72 (0.54–0.93)

0.020

0.67 (0.49–0.90)

0.009

 Max, mm

0.95 (0.74–1.21)

0.695

  

 Min, mm

1.08 (0.78–1.54)

0.619

  

 CH, %

0.95 (0.92–0.98)

0.008

0.96 (0.93–1.00)

0.046

 CV, mm/sec

0.57 (0.39–0.83)

0.003

  

 Lat, msec

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

<  0.001

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

0.002

 DV, mm/sec

0.27 (0.12–0.60)

0.001

0.34 (0.14–0.84)

0.019

  1. Neurological outcomes were dichotomized into good outcome (mRS of 0–3) and poor outcome (mRS of 4–6)
  2. CH percentage of change (CH = 100 × [Max – Min]/Max), CI confidence interval, CV constriction velocity, DV dilation velocity, Lat latency of constriction, Max maximal pupillary diameter, Min minimal pupillary diameter, mRS modified Rankin Scale, NAT Neurological Alert Team, NPi Neurological Pupil index, OR odds ratio
Back to article page