Fig. 1

Experimental Set-up & Terminology. A Subjects received 60 stimuli at 120% resting motor threshold to each primary motor cortex (green lightning bolts) and EEG signal was measured from a 64-channel cap with special attention paid to electrodes overlying each motor cortex (blue dots). B TMS was applied during two motor tasks (rest & movement). Stroke subjects performed motor tasks with the paretic hand, while control subjects performed tasks with the dominant (right) hand. Connectivity was quantified within each hemisphere by computing synchronization of signal in electrodes overlying each motor cortex and the change in connectivity (ΔC) between the two motor tasks was calculated. C The hemisphere contralateral to the moving hand was termed the “Task Hemisphere” while the hemisphere ipsilateral to the moving hand was the “Passive Hemisphere.” There were thus 4 combinations of TMS-EEG recordings, termed Experimental Conditions: TMS-Task/EEG-Task, TMS-Task/EEG-Passive, TMS-Passive/EEG-Task, TMS-Passive/EEG-Passive