Table 1 Distribution of demographic and clinical characteristic of 383 HIV infected children screened for PN
Variable | PN Present N (%) | PN Absent N (%) | Total N = 383 ( % ) | *p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient related factor | ||||
Age (years) | ||||
5–9 | 8 ( 8.3 % ) | 88 ( 91.7 % ) | 95 ( 24.8 % ) | 0.9 |
10–14 | 18 ( 15. 5 % ) | 88 ( 84.5 %) | 117 ( 30.5 % ) | |
15–18 | 28 (16. 4 % ) | 143 ( 83.6 % ) | 171 ( 44.6 % ) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 33 ( 13.9 % ) | 204 ( 86.1 % ) | 237 ( 61.9 % ) | 0.02 |
Female | 21 ( 14.4 % ) | 125 ( 85.6 % ) | 146 ( 38.1 % ) | |
Mean Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.3 ± SD 1.4 | 10.5 ± SD 1.5 | 0.96 b | |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Normal | 36 ( 15.8 % ) | 192 ( 84.2 % ) | 228 ( 59.5 % ) | 0.25 |
Underweight | 18 ( 11.6 %) | 137(88.4 %) | 155 ( 40.5 % ) | |
Height/Age | ||||
Normal | 29 (12.5 %) | 203 ( 87.5 %) | 232 (60.6 %) | 0.26 |
Stunting | 25 (16.6 %) | 126 (83.4 %) | 151 (39.4 %) | |
Disease related factors | ||||
WHO Clinical Stage | ||||
1 and 2 | 7 ( 5.6 %) | 117 ( 94.4 %) | 124 (32.4 %) | 0.001 |
3 and 4 | 47 (18.1 %) | 212 ( 81.9 %) | 259 (67.6 %) | |
CD4 count (cells/mm3) | ||||
< 350 | 22 ( 59.5 % ) | 15 ( 40.5 % ) | 37 ( 9.7 % ) | 0.0001 |
≥ 350 | 32 ( 9.2 % ) | 314 ( 90.8 % ) | 346 ( 90.3 % ) | |
Viral load(copies/ml) | ||||
≥ 1000 | 47 ( 38.8 % ) | 74 ( 61.2 % ) | 121 ( 31.6 % ) | 0.0001 |
< 1000 | 7 ( 2.7 % ) | 255 ( 97.3 % ) | 262 ( 68.4 % ) | |
Median duration of HIV illness (years) | 13 (IQR 8–15) | 12 (IQR 8–16) | 0.66a | |
Drug related factor | ||||
Median duration of ARV use (years) | 13 (IQR 8–15) | 12 (IQR 8–16) | 0.65a | |
ARV drug combination groups | ||||
NRTI’s + NNRTI’s | 7 ( 10.8 % ) | 58 ( 89.2 % ) | 65 (17 %) | 0.02 |
NRTI’s + PI’s | 18 ( 24 % ) | 57 ( 76 % ) | 75 ( 19.6 % ) | |
NNRTI’s + DTG | 29 ( 11.9 % ) | 214 ( 88.1 % ) | 243 ( 63.4 % ) | |
Isoniazid Exposure | ||||
Yes | 54 ( 15 % ) | 305 ( 85 % ) | 359 ( 93.7 % ) | 0.02 c |
No | 0 | 24 ( 100 %) | 24 ( 6.3 % ) | |
Last use of Isoniazid | ||||
Within 6 months | 11 (8.9 %) | 137 (92.6 %) | 148 (38.6 %) | 0.003 |
More than 6 months | 43 (18.3 %) | 216 (81.7 %) | 259 (67.6 %) | |
Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis | ||||
Yes | 48 ( 14.4 %) | 298 (85.6 %) | 348 ( 90.9 % ) | 0.43 c |
No | 4 ( 11.4 %) | 31 (88.6 %) | 35 ( 9.1 % ) | |