Table 1 Comparison of the baseline data of the enrolled patients receiving different treatment regimens within 4.5 h of stroke onset

Age, years, mean ± SD

72.81 ± 8.02

71.28 ± 9.74

76.80 ± 8.41

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

39 (50.0)

43 (48.9)

77 (45.6)

0.773

Aetiology of cerebral embolism

  Non-valvular atrial fibrillation, n (%)

75 (96.2)

75 (85.2)

161 (95.3)

0.005

  Rheumatic valvular heart disease, n (%)

3 (3.8)

12 (13.6)

7 (4.1)

0.008

  Dilated cardiomyopathy, n (%)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.1)

1 (0.6)

0.638

Concomitant diseases

  Diabetes, n (%)

13 (16.7)

12 (13.6)

34 (20.1)

0.419

  Hypertension, n (%)

69 (88.5)

62 (70.5)

133 (78.7)

0.018

  Previous history of stroke, n (%)

15 (19.2)

25 (28.4)

49 (29.0)

0.245

  Prior non-cerebrovascular events, n (%)

4 (5.1)

5 (5.7)

12 (7.1)

0.809

Lesion characteristics

  Single large lesion, n (%)

33 (42.3)

24 (27.3)

53 (31.4)

0.102

  Single small lesion, n (%)

8 (10.3)

6 (6.8)

15 (8.9)

0.727

  Fusion and multiple lesions, n (%)

27 (34.6)

29 (33.0)

51 (30.2)

0.763

  Small, scattered lesions, n (%)

10 (12.8)

29 (33.0)

50 (29.6)

0.006

OCSP classification

  TACI, n (%)

39 (50.0)

34 (38.6)

64 (37.9)

0.174

  PACI, n (%)

27 (34.6)

29 (33.0)

55 (32.5)

0.949

  POCI, n (%)

7 (9.0)

11 (12.5)

20 (11.8)

0.743

  LACI, n (%)

5 (6.4)

14 (15.9)

30 (17.8)

0.059

Blood biochemical indices

  INR (median (IQR))

1.06 (1.01, 1.11)

1.05 (1.00, 1.11)

1.07 (1.01, 1.12)

0.564

  Plasma D-dimer, µg/mL, M (IQR)

1.49 (0.98, 5.15)

1.16 (0.80, 1.71)

1.19 (0.75, 2.04)

0.002

  Scr, µmol/L, M (IQR)

74.00 (60.00, 89.00)

71.00 (60.00, 81.00)

70.00 (57.00, 85.00)

0.466

  Hcy, µmol/L, M (IQR)

13.50 (10.30, 17.80)

13.00 (10.60, 15.00)

14.40 (11.10, 18.43)

0.086

  CRP, mg/L, M (IQR)

7.05 (6.30, 8.80)

7.00 (6.60, 14.40)

7.00 (6.50, 10.50)

0.406